In Vivo and In Vitro Investigation of a Novel Gelatin/Sodium Polyacrylate Composite Hemostatic Sponge for Topical Bleeding

• Published in: Journal of functional biomaterials Vol. 14; no. 5; p. 265
• Main Authors: Jahan, Nusrat, Ibne Mahbub, Md Sowaib, Lee, Byong-Taek, Bae, Sang Ho
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 10-05-2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Acrylic resins; Biocompatibility; Blood; Cell proliferation; Cell viability; Clotting; Contact angle; Crosslinked polymers; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; FDA approval; Fibroblasts; Freeze drying; Gelatin; gelatin/sodium polyacrylate (GSp) scaffold; hemocompatibility; Hemostasis; hemostatic agent; Hemostatics; Hydrogels; In vivo methods and tests; Investigations; Physical characteristics; Physical properties; Polyacrylate; Polymerization; Polymers; Protein binding; Scaffolds; Scanning electron microscopy; Scientific equipment and supplies industry; Sodium; Software; Spectrum analysis; superabsorbent polymer; Superabsorbent polymers; Synergistic effect; Thrombin; topical bleeding; United States; South Korea; Missouri; St Louis Missouri; United States > US; superabsorbent polymer; hemocompatibility; thrombin; gelatin/sodium polyacrylate (GSp) scaffold; hemostatic agent; topical bleeding
• ISSN: 2079-4983; 2079-4983
• DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050265

Designing a functional and efficient blood-clotting agent is a major challenge. In this research, hemostatic scaffolds (GSp) were prepared from the superabsorbent, inter-crosslinked polymer sodium polyacrylate (Sp) bound to a natural protein gelatin (G) loaded with thrombin (Th) by a cost-effective freeze-drying method. Five compositions were grafted (GSp0.0, Gsp0.1, GSp0.2, GSp0.3, GSp0.3-Th) where the concentration of Sp varied but the ratios of G remained the same. The fundamental physical characteristics that increased the amounts of Sp with G gave synergistic effects after interacting with thrombin. Due to the presence of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) swelling capacities in GSp0.3 and GSp0.3-Th surge forward 6265% and 6948%, respectively. Pore sizes became uniform and larger (ranging ≤ 300 μm) and well-interconnected. The water-contact angle declined in GSp0.3 and GSp0.3-Th to 75.73 ± 1.097 and 75.33 ± 0.8342 degrees, respectively, thus increasing hydrophilicity. The pH difference was found to be insignificant as well. In addition, an evaluation of the scaffold in in vitro biocompatibility with the L929 cell line showed cell viability >80%, so the samples were nontoxic and produced a favorable environment for cell proliferation. The composite GSp0.3-Th revealed the lowest HR (%) (2.601%), and the in vivo blood-clotting time (s) and blood loss (gm) supported hemostasis. Overall, the results showed that a novel GSp0.3-Th scaffold can be a potential candidate as a hemostatic agent.