Anthropological and Thermoregulatory Changes Induced by a Survival Sojourn in a Tropical Climate

• Published in: Wilderness & environmental medicine Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 5 - 11
• Main Authors: Launay, Jean-Claude, Besnard, Yves, Sendowski, Isabelle, Guinet, Angélique, Hanniquet, Anne-Marie, Savourey, Gustave
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Los Angeles, CA Elsevier Inc 01-03-2002; SAGE Publications
• Subjects: Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Body Composition - physiology; Body Temperature Regulation - physiology; cold adaptation; Cold Temperature; Food Deprivation - physiology; Guyana; heat acclimatization; human; Humans; Male; Skin Temperature - physiology; survival; Sweating - physiology; thermoregulation; Travel; Tropical Climate; Guyana; heat acclimatization; thermoregulation; human; survival; cold adaptation
• ISSN: 1080-6032; 1545-1534
• DOI: 10.1580/1080-6032(2002)013[0005:AATCIB]2.0.CO;2

A survival sojourn in a tropical climate exposes subjects to 2 main constraints: food restriction and tropical climatic conditions. We hypothesized that such a sojourn could modify anthropological characteristics and thermoregulatory responses to heat and cold on return.
Eight European male subjects were submitted to a sweating test (ST) for 90
minutes (dry bulb temperature [
T
db]
=
47°C, relative humidity (RH)
=
10%, and wind speed
=
0.8
m·s
–1) and to a whole-body cold-air test (
T
db
=
1°C, RH
=
40%, and wind speed
=
0.8
m·s
–1) for 120
minutes in thermoclimatic chambers both before and after a 4-week survival sojourn in French Guyana.
The survival sojourn resulted in a decrease in lean body mass (
P
<
.05) without any significant change in body fat content. Heat thermoregulatory changes studied during the ST were characterized both by a lower mean skin temperature
(
T
¯
sk
)
(
P
<
.05) and a higher sweat rate measured after the sojourn than before it (
m
sw;
P
<
.05). Cold thermoregulatory changes were characterized by a higher
T
¯
sk
value (
P
<
.05) and a decreased onset for continuous shivering without any significant change in internal temperature or metabolic heat production (
M).
This study showed that this type of sojourn modifies not only biometrical characteristics of the subjects but also the thermoregulatory responses, inducing an adaptation of the thermoregulatory system to heat and an increase in the sensitivity of the thermoregulatory system to cold. This finding could have practical implications on return after such a sojourn.