Deciphering of seed Health of common food grains (wheat, rice) of North Eastern UP and Gurgaon Haryana, India

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 8480
• Main Authors: Kumar, Narendra, Khurana, S. M. Paul, Pandey, Vashist N.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 25-05-2023; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/326; 631/449; Aflatoxin B1; Aflatoxins; Agar; Aspergillus flavus; Body weight loss; Food; Fungi; Fusarium moniliforme; Grain; Humanities and Social Sciences; Insects; Moisture content; multidisciplinary; Nutrient content; Oryza; Rice; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Seed germination; Seeds; Seeds - microbiology; Sitophilus oryzae; Species; Tribolium castaneum; Triticum - microbiology; Wheat
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34510-3

The stored random samples of food seeds of wheat and rice (60 samples) were purchased from places of Eastern UP and Gurgaon district Haryana. Its moisture contents were estimated. The Mycological investigations of wheat seeds revealed presence of a total number of 16 fungal species viz.,
Alternaria alternata
,
Aspergillus candidus
,
Aspergillus flavus
,
A. niger
,
A. ochraceous
,
A. phoenicis
,
A. tamari
,
A. terreus
,
A. sydowi
,
Fusarium moniliforme
,
F. oxysporum F. solani
,
P. glabrum
,
Rhizopus nigricans
,
Trichoderma viride
and
Trichothecium roseum.
While mycological analysis of rice seeds showed presence of 15 fungal species viz.,
Alternaria padwickii
,
A. oryzae
,
Curvularia lunata
,
Fusarium moniliforme
,
Aspergillus clavatus
,
A. flavus
,
A. niger
,
Cladosporium
sp.,
Nigrospora oryzae
,
Alternaria tenuissima
,
Chaetomium globosum
,
F. solani
,
Microascus cirrosus
,
Helminthosporium oryzae
,
Pyricularia grisea
. It also projected variation in presence of fungal species in blotter and agar plate method of analysis. In wheat Blotter method of analysis showed 16 fungal species while agar plate depicted 13 fungal species. In rice Agar plate method depicted presence of 15 fungal species while blotter method shows presence of 12 fungal species. The insect analysis revealed that wheat samples were infected with
Tribolium castaneum
. While rice seeds sample showed presence of insect
Sitophilus oryzae
. The investigations revealed that
Aspergillus flavus
,
A. niger
,
Sitophilus oryzae
and
Tribolium castaneum
caused reduction in seed weight loss, seed germination, carbohydrate and protein contents of common food grains (wheat, rice). It also revealed that randomly selected A. flavus isolate 1 of wheat showed higher potential of aflatoxin B
1
production (1392.940 μg/l) while rice isolate 2 showed 1231.117 μg/l production.