Determination of Chemical Compounds and Investigation of Biological Properties of Matricaria chamomilla Essential Oils, Honey, and Their Mixture

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 27; no. 18; p. 5850
• Main Authors: Qasem, Ahmed, Assaggaf, Hamza, Montesano, Domenico, Khalil, Zineb, Al-Mijalli, Samiah Hamad, Baaboua, Aicha El, El Omari, Nasreddine, El Menyiy, Naoual, Bakrim, Saad, Sheikh, Ryan A, Alshahrani, Mohammed Merae, Awadh, Ahmed Abdullah Al, Zengin, Gokhan, Bouyahya, Abdelhakim, Mrabti, Hanae Naceiri
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 09-09-2022; MDPI
• Subjects: 3-Carene; Acids; alpha-Amylases; alpha-Glucosidases; Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry; Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology; anti-inflammatory effect; antidiabetic activity; Antidiabetics; Antifungal Agents - pharmacology; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; antimicrobial activity; Antimicrobial agents; antioxidant effect; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - chemistry; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Assaying; beta Carotene; Biological properties; Bleaching; Camphor; Carotene; Carrageenan; Chelation; Chemical composition; Chemical compounds; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Edema; Essential oils; Ferrous ions; Free Radicals; Fungicides; Gas chromatography; Glucosidase; Herbal medicine; Honey; Hypoglycemic Agents; In vitro methods and tests; In vivo methods and tests; Inflammation; Lipoxygenase; Lipoxygenases; Matricaria; Matricaria chamomilla; Matricaria chamomilla L; Medicine; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microorganisms; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Mixtures; Oils & fats; Oils, Volatile - chemistry; Oils, Volatile - pharmacology; Phytochemicals - pharmacology; Scavenging; Spectrophotometry; Strains (organisms); Therapeutic targets; Yeasts; α-Amylase; α-Glucosidase; β-Carotene; Morocco; Matricaria chamomilla L; anti-inflammatory effect; antimicrobial activity; essential oils; antioxidant effect; antidiabetic activity
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185850

This exploratory investigation aimed to determine the chemical composition and evaluate some biological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities, of
L. essential oils (EOs). EOs of
were obtained by hydrodistillation and phytochemical screening was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial activities were tested against different pathogenic strains of microorganisms by using disc diffusion assay, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. The antidiabetic activity was performed in vitro using the enzyme inhibition test. The antioxidant activity of EOs was tested using the free radical scavenging ability (DPPH method), ferrous ion chelating (FIC) ability, and
-carotene bleaching assay. The anti-inflammatory effects were tested in vivo using the carrageenan-induced paw edema method and in vitro using the inhibition of the lipoxygenase test. The analysis of the phytochemical composition by GC-MS revealed that camphor (16.42%) was the major compound of EOs, followed by 3-carene (9.95%),
-myrcene (8.01%), and chamazulene (6.54%). MCEO, honey, and their mixture exhibited antioxidant activity against the DPPH assay (IC
ranging from 533.89 ± 15.05 µg/mL to 1945.38 ± 12.71 µg/mL). The mixture exhibited the best radical scavenging activity, with an IC
of 533.89 ± 15.05 µg/mL. As antidiabetic effect, EO presented the best values against α-glucosidase (265.57 ± 0.03 μg/mL) and α-amylase (121.44 ± 0.05 μg/mL). The EOs and honey mixture at a dose of 100 mg/kg exhibited a high anti-inflammatory effect, with 63.75% edema inhibition after 3 h. The impact of EOs on the studied species showed an excellent antimicrobial (
ATCC 29213 (22.97 ± 0.16 mm)), antifungal (
(18.13 ± 0.18 mm)) and anti-yeast (
(21.07 ± 0.24 mm) effect against all the tested strains. The results obtained indicate that the EOs of
could be a potential drug target against diabetes, inflammation and microbial infections; however, further investigations to assess their bioactive molecules individually and in combination are greatly required.