Impact of TMB/PD-L1 expression and pneumonitis on chemoradiation and durvalumab response in stage III NSCLC

• Published in: Nature communications Vol. 14; no. 1; p. 4238
• Main Authors: Alessi, Joao V., Ricciuti, Biagio, Wang, Xinan, Pecci, Federica, Di Federico, Alessandro, Lamberti, Giuseppe, Elkrief, Arielle, Rodig, Scott J., Lebow, Emily S., Eicholz, Jordan E., Thor, Maria, Rimner, Andreas, Schoenfeld, Adam J., Chaft, Jamie E., Johnson, Bruce E., Gomez, Daniel R., Awad, Mark M., Shaverdian, Narek
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 15-07-2023; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/67/1857; 692/4028; 692/4028/67/1612/1350; Age; B7-H1 Antigen - genetics; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - genetics; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - therapy; Chemoradiotherapy; Disease control; Effectiveness; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Lung cancer; Lung Neoplasms - genetics; Lung Neoplasms - therapy; multidisciplinary; Non-small cell lung carcinoma; PD-L1 protein; Pneumonia; Pneumonitis; Retrospective Studies; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Small cell lung carcinoma; Survival; Tumors
• ISSN: 2041-1723; 2041-1723
• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39874-8

Although concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) and durvalumab consolidation has become a standard treatment for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), clinicopathologic and genomic factors associated with its efficacy remain poorly characterized. Here, in a multi-institutional retrospective cohort study of 328 patients treated with CRT and durvalumab, we identify that very high PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) expression ( ≥ 90%) and increased tumor mutational burden (TMB) are independently associated with prolonged disease control. Additionally, we identify the impact of pneumonitis and its timing on disease outcomes among patients who discontinue durvalumab: compared to patients who experienced early-onset pneumonitis ( < 3 months) leading to durvalumab discontinuation, patients with late-onset pneumonitis had a significantly longer PFS (12.7 months vs not reached; HR 0.24 [95% CI, 0.10 to 0.58];
P
 = 0.001) and overall survival (37.2 months vs not reached; HR 0.26 [95% CI, 0.09 to 0.79];
P
 = 0.017). These findings suggest that opportunities exist to improve outcomes in patients with lower PD-L1 and TMB levels, and those at highest risk for pneumonitis.
Concurrent chemoradiation and durvalumab is standard of care for stage III non-small cell lung cancer, however, efficacy is variable. Here, the authors show PD-L1 tumor proportion score expression and increased tumor mutational burden are predictive of response and that early-onset pneumonitis leading to durvalumab discontinuation is associated with poor survival.