Clinical profile, cytogenetics and treatment outcomes of adult acute myeloid leukemia

• Published in: Journal of cancer research and therapeutics Vol. 16; no. 1; pp. 18 - 22
• Main Authors: Namratha Udupa, M, Babu, K, Suresh Babu, M, Lakshmaiah, K, Lokanatha, D, Jacob, A, Lokesh, K, Rajeev, L, Rudresh, A, Devi, Lakshmi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: India Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd 01-01-2020; Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd; Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd
• Subjects: Acute myelocytic leukemia; Adolescent; Adult; Adults; Age; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone marrow; Bone Marrow - pathology; Cancer genetics; Chemotherapy; Chromosome Aberrations; Clinical outcomes; Cytogenetics; Decitabine; Disease; Female; Fever; Humans; India; Induction Chemotherapy - methods; Karyotyping - methods; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - drug therapy; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - genetics; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - pathology; Male; Medical prognosis; Middle Aged; Myeloid leukemia; Patient outcomes; Population; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult; India; treatment outcomes; cytogenetics; Acute myeloid leukemia; clinical profile
• ISSN: 0973-1482; 1998-4138
• DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_1162_16

Introduction and Aims: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults has poor prognosis. The epidemiologic profile of patients varies greatly in different geographic locations and so do the cytogenetic abnormalities and the FAB subtype of the AML. We intended to study the clinical profile, cytogenetics, and outcomes with standard of care treatment on our population in India.
Methods: This was a retrospective study with systematic review of 203 case records. Primary objectives were to know the demographic profile of AML, prevalence of various FAB subtypes, cytogenetic abnormalities, and treatment outcomes at our center, which is a referral center of oncology. Two treatment outcomes considered in study for patients of AML were achievement of remission status of the bone marrow postintensive induction chemotherapy and sustenance of the remission for 6 months, once remission is achieved. Secondary objective was to study these outcomes in non-M3 AML in relation to cytogenetics.
Results: Median age was 39 years. The most common FAB subtype observed was AML M2. About 65.6% patients achieved complete remission (CR), and 42.4% patients could sustain it for next 6 months. Cytogenetics correlated with prognosis but not age.
Conclusions: Our population differs from the Western population regarding lower age, lower prevalence of adverse cytogenetics, and higher prevalence of favorable cytogenetic abnormalities. Cytogenetics had a good correlation with CR rates after chemotherapy as well as its sustenance.