Ether anesthetics prevents touch-induced trigger hair calcium-electrical signals excite the Venus flytrap

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 2851 - 10
• Main Authors: Scherzer, Sönke, Huang, Shouguang, Iosip, Anda, Kreuzer, Ines, Yokawa, Ken, AL-Rasheid, Khaled A. S., Heckmann, Manfred, Hedrich, Rainer
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 18-02-2022; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/154; 631/443; 631/449; 631/57; Action potential; Action Potentials - genetics; Anesthetics; Anesthetics - pharmacology; Binding sites; Calcium - chemistry; Calcium - metabolism; Calcium channels; Calcium Channels - genetics; Calcium signalling; Dionaea; Droseraceae - drug effects; Droseraceae - physiology; Electrical networks; Electricity; Ether - pharmacology; Excitability; Glutamate receptors; Hair; Hair - physiology; Humanities and Social Sciences; Ion channels; multidisciplinary; Oxylipins - chemistry; Physiology; Plant Leaves - genetics; Plant Leaves - growth & development; Potassium channels; Prey; Propagation; Pumps; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Signal Transduction - genetics; Tactile stimuli; Touch - physiology; Touch Perception - genetics; Touch Perception - physiology
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06915-z

Plants do not have neurons but operate transmembrane ion channels and can get electrical excited by physical and chemical clues. Among them the Venus flytrap is characterized by its peculiar hapto-electric signaling. When insects collide with trigger hairs emerging the trap inner surface, the mechanical stimulus within the mechanosensory organ is translated into a calcium signal and an action potential (AP). Here we asked how the Ca
2+
wave and AP is initiated in the trigger hair and how it is feed into systemic trap calcium-electrical networks. When
Dionaea muscipula
trigger hairs matures and develop hapto-electric excitability the mechanosensitive anion channel DmMSL10/FLYC1 and voltage dependent SKOR type Shaker K
+
channel are expressed in the sheering stress sensitive podium. The podium of the trigger hair is interface to the flytrap’s prey capture and processing networks. In the excitable state touch stimulation of the trigger hair evokes a rise in the podium Ca
2+
first and before the calcium signal together with an action potential travel all over the trap surface. In search for podium ion channels and pumps mediating touch induced Ca
2+
transients, we, in mature trigger hairs firing fast Ca
2+
signals and APs, found OSCA1.7 and GLR3.6 type Ca
2+
channels and ACA2/10 Ca
2+
pumps specifically expressed in the podium. Like trigger hair stimulation, glutamate application to the trap directly evoked a propagating Ca
2+
and electrical event. Given that anesthetics affect K
+
channels and glutamate receptors in the animal system we exposed flytraps to an ether atmosphere. As result propagation of touch and glutamate induced Ca
2+
and AP long-distance signaling got suppressed, while the trap completely recovered excitability when ether was replaced by fresh air. In line with ether targeting a calcium channel addressing a Ca
2+
activated anion channel the AP amplitude declined before the electrical signal ceased completely. Ether in the mechanosensory organ did neither prevent the touch induction of a calcium signal nor this post stimulus decay. This finding indicates that ether prevents the touch activated, glr3.6 expressing base of the trigger hair to excite the capture organ.