Acceptability and feasibility of a screening protocol for antenatal depression (SPADe) in Blantyre District, Malawi

• Published in: BMC psychiatry Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 1 - 544
• Main Authors: Chorwe-Sungani, Genesis, Mwagomba, Modesta, Chirwa, Ellen, Jere, Diana, Chipps, Jennifer
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central Ltd 12-08-2022; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Acceptability; Antenatal depression; Chi-square test; Data collection; Diagnosis; Feasibility; Fetuses; Health facilities; Health services; Maternal health services; Medical screening; Mental depression; Mental disorders; Mental health care; Mental health screening; Methods; Midwifery; Midwives; Nursing; Postpartum depression; Pregnancy; Prenatal depression; Primary care; Psychiatry; Questionnaires; Risk factors; Screening; Services; SPADe; Womens health; Malawi; United States > US
• ISSN: 1471-244X; 1471-244X
• DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04195-5

Abstract
Background
Depression is one of the most common perinatal mental health problems that affect pregnant women. Antenatal depression can adversely affect the well-being of the pregnant woman and her foetus. Depression is rarely detected by midwives due to the unavailability of relevant screening instruments in Malawi. A Screening Protocol for Antenatal Depression (SPADe) was developed and recommended for possible use to screen for depression in antenatal clinics in the country. The acceptability and feasibility of using the SPADe protocol to screen for depression has not been established. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability and feasibility of screening for depression by midwives using SPADe in antenatal clinics in Blantyre district.
Methods
This study used a quantitative survey design to collect data among 60 midwives in three antenatal clinics in primary care settings. All inclusive sampling of all 60 midwives were used. The Structured Assessment of FEasibility and Ottawa Acceptability of Decision Rules Instruments were used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics and Chi square tests were used to analyse the data.
Results
This study found that it was feasible to implement SPADe and the following enablers for screening depression had the highest ratings: the SPADe is applicable to pregnant women (M = 3.9, sd = 0.4); the intended goal of the SPADe matches the prioritised goals of Malawi Ministry of Health (M = 3.9, sd = 0.5); and the SPADe is likely to be effective (M = 3.8, sd = 0.6). On the other hand, barriers for implementing the SPADe were: the need for specific training to deliver the SPADe (M = 3.7, sd = 0.7); ongoing support and supervision (M = 3.5, sd = 0.8); and additional resources (M = 3.0, sd = 0.9). This study also found that the implementation of the SPADe was acceptable to respondents. The overall mean score for respondents on acceptability of screening antenatal depression using SPADe was found to be high (M = 4.6, sd = 0.6). However the differences in the respondents’ mean scores on acceptability of screening for depression in antenatal clinics using SPADe in relation to their demographic characteristics were not significant (
p
 > .05).
Conclusion
This study suggests that midwives feel that it is feasible and acceptable for them to implement the SPADe in antenatal clinics with ongoing training, support and clinical supervision.