Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and associated factors among adults from southwest Iran: Baseline data from Hoveyzeh Cohort Study

• Published in: BMC cardiovascular disorders Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 1 - 309
• Main Authors: Saki, Nader, Karandish, Majid, Cheraghian, Bahman, Heybar, Habib, Hashemi, Seyed Jalal, Azhdari, Maryam
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central Ltd 08-07-2022; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Anthropometric measurements; Blood pressure; Body mass index; Body measurements; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); Cholesterol; Cigarettes; Cohort analysis; Demographic aspects; High density lipoprotein; Hyperlipidemia; Hypertension; Insulin; Insulin resistance; Lipid profiles; Obesity; Physical activity; Prevalence; Risk factors; Sex differences; Smoking; Socioeconomic factors; Womens health; Iran
• ISSN: 1471-2261; 1471-2261
• DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02746-y

Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were the number one cause of death in Iran. The main risk factors of CVDs include unhealthy lifestyles, insulin resistance, hypertension (HTN), and hyperlipidemia. Given that there are modifiable risk factors for CVDs, this cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of CVDs and their risk factors among adults.
Methods
The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 9828 adults 35–70 years (both sexes). The demographic data, lifestyle habits, anthropometric data, and clinical and biochemical parameters were collected from the baseline data of the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study. The odds ratio (OR) of CVDs was assessed by multivariable logistic regression.
Results
The prevalence of CVDs was higher in females than males (16.2 vs. 12.6,
p
 ≤ 0.001). The prevalence of CVDs was related to age, gender, marital status, lifestyle, anthropometric measurements, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, HTN, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (
p
 ≤ 0.05). The participants aged 65–70 y showed the highest odds of CVDs (OR: 3.97, 95% CI: (3.14, 5.01), (
p
 ≤ 0.001)). Males (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: (1.51, 2.05),
p
 ≤ 0.001), married status (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: (1.08, 2.47),
p
 = 0.021), more using a mobile phone (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: (1.09, 1.46),
p
 ≤ 0.002), and smoking cigarettes (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: (1.24, 1.68),
p
 ≤ 0.001) associated with CVDs. Higher odds of CVDs were related to low physical activity (PA) (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: (1.34, 1.8),
p
 ≤ 0.001), body mass index > 30 (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: (1.01, 2.8),
p
 ≤ 0.047). Moreover, odds of CVDs were related to systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mm Hg (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: (1.04, 1.51),
p
 = 0.017), FPG = 100–126 mg/dl (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: (1.07, 1.43),
p
 = 0.003), and FPG > 126 mg/dl (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: (1.47, 1. 98),
p
 ≤ 0.001).
Conclusion
The present study showed the main risk factors of CVDs were older age, married status, using a mobile phone, low PA, smoking, obesity, and abnormal FPG and SBP. The lower odds of CVDs were found in the participants with normal cholesterol.