Parental Worries and Beliefs About Abdominal Pain

• Published in: Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition Vol. 48; no. 3; pp. 311 - 317
• Main Authors: Tilburg, Miranda AL, Chitkara, Denesh K, Palsson, Olafur S, Levy, Rona L, Whitehead, William E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hagerstown, MD Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc 01-03-2009; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
• Subjects: Abdominal pain; Abdominal Pain - psychology; Abdominal Pain - therapy; Adult; Attitude to Health; Biological and medical sciences; Child; Chronic Disease; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; Illness Behavior; Parent-Child Relations; Parental concern; Parents - psychology; Questionnaire; Reproducibility of Results; Self‐report; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Metabolic diseases; Pain; Questionnaire; Abdominal pain-Self- report-Parental concern-Questionnaire; Gastroenterology; Abdomen
• ISSN: 0277-2116; 1536-4801
• DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31817c03ae

ABSTRACT
Background:
Solicitous parental responses to stomachaches may perpetuate chronic abdominal pain in children. Discussing these issues in clinical practice is difficult because parents feel misunderstood and blamed for their child's pain. Focusing on parental worries and beliefs that motivate solicitous responses may be better accepted.
Objectives:
Our aim was to determine parental fears, worries, and beliefs about their child's chronic abdominal pain that influence parental responses to child's pain.
Materials and Methods:
In 2 studies, a large online sample and a smaller community sample consisting of parents with children who have abdominal pain, we developed and evaluated a self‐report questionnaire to assess parental Worries and Beliefs about Abdominal Pain (WAP).
Results:
Principal component analysis identified 4 subscales: “pain is real,” “desire for care,” “worry about coping,” and “exacerbating factors.” The WAP is easily understood and possesses adequate initial reliability (Cronbach α = 0.7–0.9). It shows good initial validity (ie, families who consulted a physician for their child's pain scored higher on the WAP than families who did not consult a physician and the WAP correlates with parental reactions to the child's pain).
Conclusions:
Discussing parents' fears and worries about their children's chronic abdominal pain may facilitate discussions of social learning of gastrointestinal illness behavior.