Assessment of a metabarcoding approach for the characterisation of vector-borne bacteria in canines from Bangkok, Thailand

• Published in: Parasites & vectors Vol. 12; no. 1; p. 394
• Main Authors: Huggins, Lucas G, Koehler, Anson V, Ng-Nguyen, Dinh, Wilcox, Stephen, Schunack, Bettina, Inpankaew, Tawin, Traub, Rebecca J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 08-08-2019; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: 16S community profiling; Anaplasma - isolation & purification; Animals; Bacteria; Bacteria - classification; Bacteria - isolation & purification; Bacterial infections; Bacterial Infections - diagnosis; Bacterial Infections - veterinary; Canines; Coinfection - diagnosis; Coinfection - microbiology; Coinfection - veterinary; Criminal investigation; Disease Vectors; DNA barcoding; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; Dog Diseases - microbiology; Dogs; EDTA; Ehrlichia canis - isolation & purification; Epidemiology; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing - standards; Infection; Metabarcoding; Morbidity; Next-generation sequencing; Pathogenic microorganisms; Patient outcomes; Polymerase chain reaction; Prokaryotic pathogens; Risk factors; Thailand; Tick-Borne Diseases - microbiology; Tick-Borne Diseases - veterinary; Vector-borne disease; Vector-borne diseases; Thailand; Metabarcoding; Next-generation sequencing; Canines; Prokaryotic pathogens; 16S community profiling; Anaplasma; Vector-borne disease; Mycoplasma; Ehrlichia; Tropics
• ISSN: 1756-3305; 1756-3305
• DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3651-0

Globally, bacterial vector-borne disease (VBD) exerts a large toll on dogs in terms of morbidity and mortality but nowhere is this more pronounced than in the tropics. Tropical environments permit a burgeoning diversity and abundance of ectoparasites some of which can transmit an extensive range of infectious agents, including bacteria, amongst others. Although some of these vector-borne bacteria are responsible for both animal and human diseases in the tropics, there is a scarcity of epidemiological investigation into these pathogens' prevalence. The situation is further exacerbated by frequent canine co-infection, complicating symptomatology that regular diagnostic techniques may miss or be unable to fully characterise. Such limitations draw attention to the need to develop screening tools capable of detecting a wide range of pathogens from a host simultaneously.
Here, we detail the employment of a next-generation sequencing (NGS) metabarcoding methodology to screen for the spectrum of bacterial VBD that are infecting semi-domesticated dogs across temple communities in Bangkok, Thailand. Our NGS detection protocol was able to find high levels of Ehrlichia canis, Mycoplasma haemocanis and Anaplasma platys infection rates as well as less common pathogens, such as "Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum", Mycoplasma turicensis and Bartonella spp. We also compared our high-throughput approach to conventional endpoint PCR methods, demonstrating an improved detection ability for some bacterial infections, such as A. platys but a reduced ability to detect Rickettsia.
Our methodology demonstrated great strength at detecting coinfections of vector-borne bacteria and rare pathogens that are seldom screened for in canines in the tropics, highlighting its advantages over traditional diagnostics to better characterise bacterial pathogens in environments where there is a dearth of research.