Active Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance and Carbapenemase-Encoding Genes According to Sites of Care and Age Groups in Mexico: Results from the INVIFAR Network

• Published in: Pathogens (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 9; p. 1144
• Main Authors: Rojas-Larios, Fabian, Martínez-Guerra, Bernardo Alfonso, López-Jácome, Luis Esaú, Bolado-Martínez, Enrique, Vázquez-Larios, María del Rosario, Velázquez-Acosta, María del Consuelo, Romero-Romero, Daniel, Mireles-Dávalos, Christian Daniel, Quintana-Ponce, Sandra, Feliciano-Guzmán, José Manuel, Pérez-Hernandez, José Miguel, Correa-León, Yoselin Paola, López-Gutiérrez, Eduardo, Rodriguez-Noriega, Eduardo, González-Díaz, Esteban, Choy-Chang, Elena Victoria, Mena-Ramírez, Juan Pablo, Monroy-Colín, Víctor Antonio, Ponce-de-León-Garduño, Alfredo, Alcaraz-Espejel, Margarita, Avilés-Benítez, Laura Karina, Quintanilla-Cazares, Luís Javier, Ramírez-Alanís, Eloisa, Barajas-Magallón, Juan Manuel, Padilla-Ibarra, Cecilia, Ballesteros-Silva, Maria Bertha, Atanacio-Sixto, Noe Antonio, Morales-de-la-Peña, Cecilia Teresita, Galindo-Méndez, Mario, Pérez-Vicelis, Talía, Jacobo-Baca, Guillermo, Moreno-Méndez, Martha Irene, Mora-Pacheco, María de la Luz, Gutiérrez-Brito, Maricruz, Sánchez-Godínez, Xochitl Yadira, Navarro-Vargas, Norberta Vianey, Mercado-Bravo, Luz Elena, Delgado-Barrientos, Alejandro, Santiago-Calderón, María Asunción, López-Ovilla, Ismelda, Molina-Chavarria, Alejandro, Rincón-Zuno, Joaquín, Franco-Cendejas, Rafael, Miranda-Mauricio, Sandra, Márquez-Avalos, Isabel Cristina, López-García, Maribel, Duarte-Miranda, Lizbeth Soraya, Cetina-Umaña, Carlos Miguel, Barroso-Herrera-y-Cairo, Irma Elena, López-Moreno, Laura Isabel, Garza-González, Elvira
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-09-2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Age; Age groups; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial agents; Antimicrobial resistance; Bacteria; carbapenem-resistance; Carbapenemase; Clinical isolates; Demographic aspects; Diagnosis; Drug resistance; Drug resistance in microorganisms; Drug therapy; E coli; Emergency medical care; Genes; Genetic aspects; Gram-negative bacterial infections; Health aspects; Hospital patients; Hospitalization; INVIFAR; Klebsiella; Laboratories; MRSA; Pathogens; Patients; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; R&D; Research & development; Risk factors; Software; Staphylococcus aureus infections; Staphylococcus infections; Surveillance; Urine; VRE; Mexico; United States > US
• ISSN: 2076-0817; 2076-0817
• DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091144

We analyzed the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data of 6519 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 3985), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 775), Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 163), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 781), Enterococcus faecium (n = 124), and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 691) from 43 centers in Mexico. AMR assays were performed using commercial microdilution systems (37/43) and the disk diffusion susceptibility method (6/43). The presence of carbapenemase-encoding genes was assessed using PCR. Data from centers regarding site of care, patient age, and clinical specimen were collected. According to the site of care, the highest AMR was observed in E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa isolates from ICU patients. In contrast, in A. baumannii, higher AMR was observed in isolates from hospitalized non-ICU patients. According to age group, the highest AMR was observed in the ≥60 years age group for E. coli, E. faecium, and S. aureus, and in the 19–59 years age group for A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. According to clinical specimen type, a higher AMR was observed in E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa isolates from blood specimens. The most frequently detected carbapenemase-encoding gene in E. coli was blaNDM (84%).