Socio-economic and environmental impacts of COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan—an integrated analysis

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 28; no. 16; pp. 19926 - 19943
• Main Authors: Rasheed, Rizwan, Rizwan, Asfra, Javed, Hajra, Sharif, Faiza, Zaidi, Asghar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-04-2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Air quality; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Communicable Disease Control; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Disease control; Disease transmission; Earth and Environmental Science; Economic analysis; Economic crisis; Economic impact; Economics; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental aspects; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental factors; Environmental Health; Environmental impact; Environmental science; Health care; Humans; Long-term effects; Outdoor air quality; Pakistan; Pandemics; Population density; Poverty; Research Article; SARS-CoV-2; Social factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Socioeconomics; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Pakistan; Disease outbreak; Environment; Air quality; Lockdown; Coronavirus; Disaster preparedness
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12070-7

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected about 210 countries with more than 67 million confirmed cases and over 1.5 million deaths across the globe including Pakistan. Considering the population density, health care capacity, existing poverty and environmental factors with more than 420,000 infected people and about 8300 plus mortalities, community transmission of the coronavirus happened rapidly in Pakistan. This paper analyses the short- and long-term effects of COVID-19 peak on the socio-economic and environmental aspects of Pakistan. According to the estimates, an economic loss of about 10%, i.e. 1.1 trillion PKR, will be observed in the FY 2021. Certain pandemic impediment measures like lockdowns, social distancing and travel restrictions taken by the Government have been thoroughly analysed to determine how they impacted the livelihoods of nearly 7.15 million workers. Consequently, a rise of 33.7% of poverty level is projected. While many negative impacts on primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the economy such as agriculture, education and health care are observed, a drastic improvement in air quality index of urban centres of the country has been recorded amid lockdowns. With current economic crisis, fragile health care system and critical health literacy, a well-managed and coordinated action plan is required from all segments of the society led by the public authorities. Thorough assessment of COVID-19 scenario, management and control measures presented in this study can be assistive for the provision of policy guidelines to governments and think tanks of countries with similar socio-economic and cultural structure.