Embolic potential of left ventricular thrombus after myocardial infarction: A two-dimensional echocardiographic study of 119 patients

• Published in: Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 5; no. 6; pp. 1276 - 1280
• Main Authors: Visser, Cees A., Kan, Gerard, Meltzer, Richard S., Dunning, Arend J., Roelandt, Jos
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01-06-1985; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Anticoagulants - therapeutic use; Biological and medical sciences; Cardiology. Vascular system; Cerebrovascular Disorders - diagnosis; Cerebrovascular Disorders - etiology; Coronary heart disease; Echocardiography; Embolism - diagnosis; Embolism - etiology; Embolism - prevention & control; Heart; Heart Aneurysm - diagnosis; Heart Aneurysm - etiology; Heart Diseases - diagnosis; Heart Diseases - drug therapy; Heart Diseases - etiology; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Medical sciences; Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion - diagnosis; Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion - etiology; Myocardial Infarction - complications; Risk; Thrombosis - diagnosis; Thrombosis - drug therapy; Thrombosis - etiology; Human; Echocardiography; Infarct; Ultrasonic investigation; Myocardium; Cardiovascular disease; Complication; Diagnostic; Thromboembolism; Thrombosis; Left ventricle; Two dimensional technique
• ISSN: 0735-1097; 1558-3597
• DOI: 10.1016/S0735-1097(85)80336-3

Left ventricular thrombus complicating myocardial infarction was diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography in 119 patients. The infarct site was anterior in 98 patients and inferior in 11. Systemic embolism occurred in 26 patients (stroke in 18, lower limb embolism in 7 and mesenteric embolism in 1). A protruding configuration of the thrombus was more common in the patients with embolism than in those without (23 [88%] of 26 versus 17 [18%] of 93) (p < 0.01). Free mobility of the thrombus was found in 15 (58%) of 26 and 3 (3%) of 93 cases, respectively (p < 0.01). In predicting embolism, protruding thrombus configuration had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 82%, and positive and negative predictive accuracy was 57 and 96%, respectively. For free mobility of the thrombus, sensitivity was 58%, specificity 97%, positive predictive accuracy 85% and negative predictive accuracy 89%.
In the 46 patients whose echocardiogram was obtained during the hospital admission for the index infarct, repeat echocardiograms were obtained during oral anticoagulant therapy. Twelve of these 46 patients had embolism and 2 of the 12 died. In seven of these patients, full dose oral anticoagulant therapy had been given before embolism occurred and in five it was started after an embolic event. The thrombus decreased in size or disappeared in six patients; in four the thrombus showed no change, and in two of these four emboli recurred despite anticoagulation.
It is concluded that two-dimensional echocardiography may help delineate the embolic potential of left ventricular thrombus complicating myocardial infarction and may be of value in weighing the benefits and disadvantages; of oral anticoagulant therapy.