The effects of water temperature on gastric motility and energy intake in healthy young men

• Published in: European journal of nutrition Vol. 59; no. 1; pp. 103 - 109
• Main Authors: Fujihira, Kyoko, Hamada, Yuka, Yanaoka, Takuma, Yamamoto, Ryo, Suzuki, Katsuhiko, Miyashita, Masashi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-02-2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Digestive system; Drinking - physiology; Drinking Water - metabolism; Energy; Energy intake; Energy Intake - physiology; Food intake; Gastric Emptying - physiology; Gastric motility; Humans; Male; Mens health; Motility; Nutrition; Original Contribution; Reference Values; Temperature; Ultrasound; Water temperature; Young Adult; Young adults; Appetite; Energy intake; Water ingestion; Ultrasound imaging; Water temperature; Gastric motility
• ISSN: 1436-6207; 1436-6215
• DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1888-6

Purpose
Although immediate pre-meal water ingestion has been shown to reduce energy intake in healthy young men, no studies are available regarding potential mechanisms underlying the effect of energy intake in response to different temperatures of pre-meal water ingestion. This study examined the effects of consuming different temperatures of water on gastric motility and energy intake in healthy young men.
Methods
Eleven young men were completed three, 1-day trials in a random order. Subjects visited the laboratory after a 10-h overnight fast and consumed 500 mL of water at 2 °C, 37 °C, or 60 °C in 5 min. Then, subjects sat on a chair over 1 h to measure the cross-sectional gastric antral area and gastric contractions using the ultrasound imaging systems. Thereafter, subjects consumed a test meal until they felt completely full. Energy intake was calculated from the amount of food consumed.
Results
Energy intake in the 2 °C (6.7 ± 1.8 MJ) trial was 19% and 26% lower than the 37 °C (7.9 ± 2.3 MJ,
p
 = 0.039) and 60 °C (8.5 ± 3.2 MJ,
p
 = 0.025) trials, respectively. The frequency of the gastric contractions after 1-h consuming water was lowered in the 2 °C trial than the 60 °C trial (trial-time interaction,
p
 = 0.020). The frequency of gastric contractions was positively related to energy intake (
r
 = 0.365,
p
 = 0.037).
Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that consuming water at 2 °C reduces energy intake and this reduction may be related to the modulation of the gastric motility.