Comparison of red autofluorescing plaque and disclosed plaque—a cross-sectional study

• Published in: Clinical oral investigations Vol. 20; no. 9; pp. 2551 - 2558
• Main Authors: Volgenant, Catherine M. C., Fernandez y Mostajo, Mercedes, Rosema, Nanning A. M., van der Weijden, Fridus A., ten Cate, Jacob M., van der Veen, Monique H.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-12-2016; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Color; Colorimetry - methods; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Plaque - diagnosis; Dental Plaque Index; Dentistry; Female; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Male; Medicine; Original; Original Article; Photography, Dental - methods; Reproducibility of Results; Dental plaque index; Dental plaque; Fluorescence; Autofluorescence Imaging; Dental photography; Oral hygiene
• ISSN: 1432-6981; 1436-3771
• DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1761-z

Objectives
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the correlation between dental plaque scores determined by the measurement of red autofluorescence or by visualization with a two-tone solution. Clinical photographs were used for this study.
Materials and methods
Overnight plaque from the anterior teeth of 48 participants was assessed for red fluorescence on photographs (taken with a QLF-camera) using a modified Quigley & Hein (mQH) index. A two-tone disclosing solution was applied. Total disclosed plaque was clinically assessed using the mQH index. In addition, total and blue disclosed plaque was scored on clinical photographs using the mQH index.
Results
A strong correlation was observed between the total disclosed plaque scored on photographs and the clinical scores (
r
 = 0.70 at site level;
r
 = 0.88 at subject level). The correlation between red fluorescent plaque and total plaque, as assessed on the photographs, was moderate to strong and significant (
r
 = 0.50 at the site level;
r
 = 0.70 at the subject level), with the total plaque scores consistently higher than the red fluorescent plaque scores. The correlation between red fluorescent plaque and blue disclosed plaque was weak to moderate and significant (
r
 = 0.30 at the site level;
r
 = 0.50 at the subject level).
Conclusions
Plaque, as scored on white-light photographs, corresponds well with clinically assessed plaque. A weak to moderate correlation between red fluorescing plaque and total disclosed plaque or blue disclosed plaque was found.
Clinical relevance
What at present is considered to be matured dental plaque, which appears blue following the application of a two-tone disclosing solution, is not in agreement with red fluorescent dental plaque assessment.