Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Activity Against Microbes

Zinc oxide is an essential ingredient of many enzymes, sun screens, and ointments for pain and itch relief. Its microcrystals are very efficient light absorbers in the UVA and UVB region of spectra due to wide bandgap. Impact of zinc oxide on biological functions depends on its morphology, particle...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Nanoscale research letters Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 141 - 13
Main Authors:	Siddiqi, Khwaja Salahuddin, ur Rahman, Aziz, Tajuddin, Husen, Azamal
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York Springer US 08-05-2018 Springer Nature B.V SpringerOpen
Subjects:	Antimicrobial Apoptosis Biocompatibility Biodistribution Biomolecules Cell death Cell membranes Cell walls Chemistry and Materials Science Cytoplasm E coli Klebsiella Materials Science Mechanism Microcrystals Microorganisms Molecular Medicine Morphology Nano Review Nanochemistry Nanoparticles Nanoscale Science and Technology Nanotechnology Nanotechnology and Microengineering Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sarcina Sun screens Toxicity Zinc oxide Zinc oxide nanoparticles Zinc oxides Antimicrobial Microorganisms Toxicity Biodistribution Mechanism Zinc oxide nanoparticles
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Summary:	Zinc oxide is an essential ingredient of many enzymes, sun screens, and ointments for pain and itch relief. Its microcrystals are very efficient light absorbers in the UVA and UVB region of spectra due to wide bandgap. Impact of zinc oxide on biological functions depends on its morphology, particle size, exposure time, concentration, pH, and biocompatibility. They are more effective against microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus megaterium , Staphylococcus aureus , Sarcina lutea , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumonia , Pseudomonas vulgaris , Candida albicans , and Aspergillus niger . Mechanism of action has been ascribed to the activation of zinc oxide nanoparticles by light, which penetrate the bacterial cell wall via diffusion. It has been confirmed from SEM and TEM images of the bacterial cells that zinc oxide nanoparticles disintegrate the cell membrane and accumulate in the cytoplasm where they interact with biomolecules causing cell apoptosis leading to cell death.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	1931-7573 1556-276X
DOI:	10.1186/s11671-018-2532-3