Selenium Nanoparticles for Stress-Resilient Fish and Livestock

• Published in: Nanoscale Research Letters Vol. 10; no. 1; pp. 371 - 14
• Main Authors: Sarkar, Biplab, Bhattacharjee, Surajit, Daware, Akshay, Tribedi, Prosun, Krishnani, K. K., Minhas, P. S.
• Format: Journal Article Book Review
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01-12-2015; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Antioxidants; Chemistry and Materials Science; Fish; Fisheries; Livestock; Materials Science; Molecular Medicine; Nano Review; Nanochemistry; Nanoscale Science and Technology; Nanostructure; Nanotechnology; Nanotechnology and Microengineering; Productivity; Selenium; Stresses; Oxidative stress; Livestock and fisheries; Biological synthesis; Growth; Immunomodulation; Nano-selenium
• ISSN: 1931-7573; 1556-276X
• DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-1073-2

The fisheries and livestock sectors capture the highest share of protein-rich animal food and demonstrate accelerated growth as an agriculture subsidiary. Environmental pollution, climate change, as well as pathogenic invasions exert increasing stress impacts that lead the productivity momentum at a crossroads. Oxidative stress is the most common form of stress phenomenon responsible for the retardation of productivity in fisheries and livestock. Essential micronutrients play a determinant role in combating oxidative stress. Selenium, one of the essential micronutrients, appears as a potent antioxidant with reduced toxicity in its nanoscale form. In the present review, different methods of synthesis and characterization of nanoscale selenium have been discussed. The functional characterization of nano-selenium in terms of its effect on growth patterns, feed digestibility, and reproductive system has been discussed to elucidate the mechanism of action. Moreover, its anti-carcinogenic and antioxidant potentiality, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory efficacy, and fatty acid reduction in liver have been deciphered as the new phenomena of nano-selenium application. Biologically synthesized nano-selenium raises hope for pharmacologically enriched, naturally stable nanoscale selenium with high ecological viability. Hence, nano-selenium can be administered with commercial feeds for improvising stress resilience and productivity of fish and livestock.