A review of the synthesis and characterization of anion exchange membranes

• Published in: Journal of materials science Vol. 53; no. 16; pp. 11131 - 11150
• Main Authors: Hagesteijn, Kimberly F. L., Jiang, Shanxue, Ladewig, Bradley P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01-08-2018; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Anion exchanging; Cations; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Chemical synthesis; Chemistry and Materials Science; Classical Mechanics; Corrosion resistance; Crystallography and Scattering Methods; Electrolysis; Electrolytic cells; Fuel cell industry; Fuel cells; High temperature environments; Ion channels; Ions; Materials Science; Membranes; Metal ions; Nanoparticles; Organic chemistry; Polymer Sciences; Polymers; Review; Ruthenium; Solid Mechanics; Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (AEMFC); Mixed Matrix Membranes; Porous Support; Heterogeneous Membrane; Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane (AAEMs)
• ISSN: 0022-2461; 1573-4803
• DOI: 10.1007/s10853-018-2409-y

This review highlights advancements made in anion exchange membrane (AEM) head groups, polymer structures and membrane synthesis methods. Limitations of current analytical techniques for characterizing AEMs are also discussed. AEM research is primarily driven by the need to develop suitable AEMs for the high-pH and high-temperature environments in anion exchange membrane fuel cells and anion exchange membrane water electrolysis applications. AEM head groups can be broadly classified as nitrogen based (e.g. quaternary ammonium), nitrogen free (e.g. phosphonium) and metal cations (e.g. ruthenium). Metal cation head groups show great promise for AEM due to their high stability and high valency. Through “rational polymer architecture”, it is possible to synthesize AEMs with ion channels and improved chemical stability. Heterogeneous membranes using porous supports or inorganic nanoparticles show great promise due to the ability to tune membrane characteristics based on the ratio of polymer to porous support or nanoparticles. Future research should investigate consolidating advancements in AEM head groups with an optimized polymer structure in heterogeneous membranes to bring together the valuable characteristics gained from using head groups with improved chemical stability, with the benefits of a polymer structure with ion channels and improved membrane properties from using a porous support or nanoparticles.