Non-invasive Brain Stimulation of the Posterior Parietal Cortex Alters Postural Adaptation

• Published in: Frontiers in human neuroscience Vol. 14; p. 248
• Main Authors: Young, David R., Parikh, Pranav J., Layne, Charles S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Lausanne Frontiers Research Foundation 26-06-2020; Frontiers Media S.A
• Subjects: Adaptability; Adaptation; after-effects; Brain damage; Cortex (parietal); Electrical stimulation of the brain; ESB; Excitability; Feedback; Human Neuroscience; Intervention; Investigations; Kinematics; posterior parietal cortex; Posture; Proprioception; Rehabilitation; Sensorimotor system; Sensory integration; Somatosensory cortex; transcranial direct current stimulation; Vestibular system
• ISSN: 1662-5161; 1662-5161
• DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00248

Effective central sensory integration of visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive information is required to promote adaptability in response to changes in the environment during postural control. Patients with a lesion in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) have an impaired ability to form an internal representation of body position, an important factor for postural control and adaptation. Suppression of PPC excitability has also been shown to decrease postural stability in some contexts. As of yet, it is unknown whether stimulation of the PPC may influence postural adaptation. This investigation aimed to identify whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the bilateral PPC could modulate postural adaptation in response to a bipedal incline postural adaptation task. Using young, healthy subjects, we delivered tDCS over bilateral PPC followed by bouts of inclined stance (incline-interventions). Analysis of postural after-effects identified differences between stimulation conditions for maximum LAE (p=0.005) as well as a significant interaction between condition and measurement time period for average position (p=0.03). We identified impaired postural adaptability following both active stimulation conditions. Results reinforce the notion that the PPC is involved in motor adaptation and extend this line of research to the realm of standing posture. The results further highlight the role of the bilateral PPC in utilizing sensory feedback to update one’s internal representation of verticality and demonstrates the diffuse regions of the brain that are involved in postural control and adaptation. This information improves our understanding of the role of the cortex in postural control, highlighting the potential for the PPC as a target for sensorimotor rehabilitation.