The Association between Metformin and the Cancer-Specific Mortality Rate in Nasopharyngeal Cancer Patients: Real-World Evidence

• Published in: Current oncology (Toronto) Vol. 30; no. 4; pp. 3940 - 3950
• Main Authors: Hsu, Yen, Hsu, Chung Y, Kao, Yung-Shuo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 30-03-2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Aged; Cancer; Cancer patients; Chemotherapy; cohort study; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use; Male; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Metformin; Metformin - therapeutic use; Middle Aged; Nasopharyngeal cancer; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - drug therapy; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms - drug therapy; National health insurance; Radiotherapy; Retrospective Studies; survival analysis; Taiwan; nasopharyngeal cancer; cohort study; Metformin; survival analysis
• ISSN: 1718-7729; 1198-0052; 1718-7729
• DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30040298

Nasopharyngeal cancer is a common cancer in East and South Asia. The radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimen has advanced in recent years. However, many patients still suffer from local recurrence and distant metastasis; thus, identifying medication that can be combined with standard treatment to improve the treatment outcomes in nasopharyngeal cancer patients is an unmet need.
We included nasopharyngeal cancer patients from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database (NHIRD). The primary endpoint was set as the cancer-specific mortality rate. Metformin cohorts and non-Metformin cohorts were matched by sex, age, and the year of the index date. Propensity score matching with a ratio of 1:1 was applied.
A total of 6078 subjects were included in the study, with 3039 patients in each group. Male participants outnumbered female participants. Most of the patients were aged 50 to 64; the mean age was 60.4 ± 10.4 years in Metformin non-users, and that of Metformin users was 59.9 ± 10.5 years. Metformin users had a lower risk of death due to nasopharyngeal cancer (adjusted HR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.71, 0.90) than controls.
We concluded that Metformin might be effective at reducing the cancer-specific mortality rate in nasopharyngeal cancer patients. Further randomized control trials should be completed.