Emergent Molecular Techniques Applied to the Detection of Porcine Viruses

• Published in: Veterinary sciences Vol. 10; no. 10; p. 609
• Main Authors: Flores-Contreras, Elda A, Carrasco-González, Jorge Alberto, Linhares, Daniel C. L, Corzo, Cesar A, Campos-Villalobos, J. Israel, Henao-Díaz, Alexandra, Melchor-Martínez, Elda M, Iqbal, Hafiz M. N, González-González, Reyna Berenice, Parra-Saldívar, Roberto, González-González, Everardo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-10-2023; MDPI
• Subjects: African swine fever; Animal diseases; Anorexia; Asfarviridae; ASFV; CRISPR; Development and progression; Diagnostic tests; Diarrhea; Disease prevention; Epidemics; Genomes; Global economy; Health aspects; Hogs; Laboratories; LAMP; Medical diagnosis; Microfluidics; NASBA; Pandemics; Pathogens; PCR; Population; Pork industry; Prevention; Proteins; PSR; Review; RPA; Serology; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Swine; Transmissible gastroenteritis; Vaccines; Viruses; Zoonoses; Mexico; Israel
• ISSN: 2306-7381; 2306-7381
• DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100609

Molecular diagnostic tests have evolved very rapidly in the field of human health, especially with the arrival of the recent pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the animal sector is constantly neglected, even though accurate detection by molecular tools could represent economic advantages by preventing the spread of viruses. In this regard, the swine industry is of great interest. The main viruses that affect the swine industry are described in this review, including African swine fever virus (ASFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and porcine circovirus (PCV), which have been effectively detected by different molecular tools in recent times. Here, we describe the rationale of molecular techniques such as multiplex PCR, isothermal methods (LAMP, NASBA, RPA, and PSR) and novel methods such as CRISPR-Cas and microfluidics platforms. Successful molecular diagnostic developments are presented by highlighting their most important findings. Finally, we describe the barriers that hinder the large-scale development of affordable, accessible, rapid, and easy-to-use molecular diagnostic tests. The evolution of diagnostic techniques is critical to prevent the spread of viruses and the development of viral reservoirs in the swine industry that impact the possible development of future pandemics and the world economy.