Review on the Current Trends of Toxoplasmosis Serodiagnosis in Humans

• Published in: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology Vol. 10; p. 204
• Main Authors: Ybañez, Rochelle Haidee D, Ybañez, Adrian P, Nishikawa, Yoshifumi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 08-05-2020
• Subjects: Agglutination Tests; Animals; Antibodies, Protozoan; Cats; Cellular and Infection Microbiology; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; human; Humans; recombinant antigens; serodiagnosis; Serologic Tests; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasma gondii; toxoplasmosis; Toxoplasmosis, Animal; serodiagnosis; recombinant antigens; Toxoplasma gondii; toxoplasmosis; human
• ISSN: 2235-2988; 2235-2988
• DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00204

Toxoplasmosis is a widely distributed zoonotic infection caused by the obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite
. It is mainly transmitted through the ingestion of oocysts shed by an infected cat acting as its definitive host. The key to effective control and treatment of toxoplasmosis is prompt and accurate detection of
infection. Several laboratory diagnostic methods have been established, including the most commonly used serological assays such as the dye test (DT), direct or modified agglutination test (DAT/MAT), indirect hemagglutination test (IHA), latex agglutination test (LAT), indirect immunofluorescent test (IFAT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), immunochromatographic tests (ICT), and the western blot. Nonetheless, creating specific and reliable approaches for serodiagnosis of
infection, and differentiating between acute and chronic phases of infection remains a challenge. This review provides information on the current trends in the serodiagnosis of human toxoplasmosis. It highlights the advantages of the use of recombinant proteins for serological testing and provides insight into the possible future direction of these methods.