Overweight and Obesity Among Adult HIV Infected Peoples Receiving ART in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

• Published in: Journal of Primary Care & Community Health Vol. 12; p. 2150132721993647
• Main Authors: Kabthymer, Robel Hussen, Nega Techane, Solomon, Muche, Temesgen, Ali Ewune, Helen, Mekonnen Abate, Semagn, Feyisso Shaka, Mohammed
• Format: Book Review Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 2021; SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC; SAGE Publishing
• Subjects: Adult; Analysis; Antiretroviral drugs; Antiretroviral therapy; Bias; Body mass index; Diet; Ethiopia - epidemiology; HIV; HIV Infections - complications; HIV Infections - drug therapy; HIV Infections - epidemiology; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Medical screening; Meta-analysis; Nutrition; Obesity; Obesity - epidemiology; Overweight; Overweight - epidemiology; Prevalence; Reviews; Systematic review; Ethiopia; ART; HIV; overweight; obesity; Ethiopia
• ISSN: 2150-1319; 2150-1327
• DOI: 10.1177/2150132721993647

Background:
Over-nutrition and diet-linked non-communicable morbidities are showing increasing trend overtime. Even if there are different factors that affect the change in BMI other than ART, several authors have reported increases in BMI among PLHIV on treatment that are equal to or surpass the general population. This study is aimed to estimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight among adult HIV infected peoples taking ART in Ethiopia.
Method:
PubMed, CINAHL, Web of science, global health and Google scholar electronic databases were used to perform a systematic literature search. Two authors independently extracted all the necessary data using a structured data extraction format. Data analysis was done using STATA Version 14. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed by using I2 test. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. Publication bias was checked using Funnel plot and Egger’s test.
Result:
Two thousand seven hundred and fifty-one studies were reviewed and 13 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis of 13 studies, comprising 4994 participants resulted in pooled prevalence of overweight to be 17.85% (95% CI: 12.22-23.47). Whereas, the pooled prevalence of overweight was found to be 3.90 (95% CI: 2.31-5.49) but after adjusting for publication bias using trim and fill analysis it has become 3.58 (95% CI: 2.04-5.13). Magnitude of both overweight and obesity was higher in studies conducted in Addis Ababa, studies done after 2016 and studies having sample size of less than 400, in subgroup analysis.
Conclusion:
The magnitude of overweight and obesity among HIV infected peoples taking ART in Ethiopia is high. There is a need to have a routine screening to PLWHA on the risk of over-nutrition in order to facilitate early detection.