Contrasting effects of exercise, AICAR, and increased fatty acid supply on in vivo and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism

• Published in: Journal of applied physiology (1985) Vol. 104; no. 2; pp. 363 - 370
• Main Authors: Rantzau, C, Christopher, M, Alford, F. P
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bethesda, MD Am Physiological Soc 01-02-2008; American Physiological Society
• Subjects: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide - administration & dosage; Aminoimidazole Carboxamide - analogs & derivatives; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Dogs; Energy Metabolism - drug effects; Exercise; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous - administration & dosage; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous - metabolism; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids - blood; Fatty Acids - metabolism; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Glucose; Glucose - metabolism; Glucose-6-Phosphate - metabolism; Glycerol - blood; Glycogen - metabolism; Hypoglycemic Agents - administration & dosage; Infusions, Parenteral; Lactic Acid - metabolism; Liver - metabolism; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects; Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism; Musculoskeletal system; Oxidation; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Exertion - physiology; Ribonucleotides - administration & dosage; Studies; Time Factors; Physical exercise; Fissipedia; Carnivora; Lipids; Rhythm; Clearance; Glucose; Striated muscle; Metabolism; muscle biopsy; Fatty acids; glucose disposal; In vivo; Vertebrata; hepatic glucose production; metabolic clearance rate of glucose; Mammalia; Biopsy; glycolytic flux; Dog
• ISSN: 8750-7587; 1522-1601
• DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00500.2007

Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes and Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Submitted 9 May 2007
; accepted in final form 5 November 2007
The increased energy required for acute moderate exercise by skeletal muscle (SkM) is derived equally from enhanced fatty acid (FA) oxidation and glucose oxidation. Availability of FA also influences contracting SkM metabolic responses. Whole body glucose turnover and SkM glucose metabolic responses were determined in paired dog studies during 1 ) a 30-min moderate exercise (maximal oxygen consumption of 60%) test vs. a 60-min low-dose 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β- D -ribofuranoside (AICAR) infusion, 2 ) a 150-min AICAR infusion vs. modest elevation of FA induced by a 150-min combined intralipid-heparin (IL/hep) infusion, and 3 ) an acute exercise test performed with vs. without IL/hep. The exercise responses differed from those observed with AICAR: plasma FA and glycerol rose sharply with exercise, whereas FA fell and glycerol was unchanged with AICAR; glucose turnover and glycolytic flux doubled with exercise but rose only by 50% with AICAR; SkM glucose-6-phosphate rose and glycogen content decreased with exercise, whereas no changes occurred with AICAR. The metabolic responses to AICAR vs. IL/hep differed: glycolytic flux was stimulated by AICAR but suppressed by IL/hep, and no changes in glucose turnover occurred with IL/hep. Glucose turnover responses to exercise were similar in the IL/hep and non-IL/hep, but SkM lactate and glycogen concentrations rose with IL/hep vs. that shown with exercise alone. In conclusion, the metabolic responses to acute exercise are not mimicked by a single dose of AICAR or altered by short-term enhancement of fatty acid supply.
hepatic glucose production; glucose disposal; metabolic clearance rate of glucose; glycolytic flux; muscle biopsy; dog
Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: F. P. Alford, Dept. of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 4th Floor Daly Wing, St Vincent's Health, 35 Victoria St., Fitzroy Victoria 3065, Australia (e-mail: frank.alford{at}svhm.org.au )