Masking and Scrambling in the Auditory Thalamus of Awake Rats by Gaussian and Modulated Noises

• Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 101; no. 41; pp. 14961 - 14965
• Main Authors: Martin, Eugene M., West, Morris F., Bedenbaugh, Purvis H., Merzenich, Michael M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States National Academy of Sciences 12-10-2004; National Acad Sciences
• Subjects: Acoustic noise; Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Audiology; Auditory system; Biological Sciences; Broadband; Coefficients; Hearing - physiology; Mathematical intervals; Neurons; Noise; Noise spectra; Normal Distribution; Rats; Rodents; Signal noise; Sound; Thalamus; Thalamus - physiology; Wakefulness - physiology
• ISSN: 0027-8424; 1091-6490
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0306879101

This paper provides a look at how modulated broad-band noises modulate the thalamic response evoked by brief probe sounds in the awake animal. We demonstrate that noise not only attenuates the response to probe sounds (masking) but also changes the temporal response pattern (scrambling). Two brief probe sounds, a Gaussian noise burst and a brief sinusoidal tone, were presented in silence and in three ongoing noises. The three noises were targeted at activating the auditory system in qualitatively distinct ways. Dynamic ripple noise, containing many random tone-like elements, is targeted at those parts of the auditory system that respond well to tones. International Collegium of Rehabilitative Audiology noise, comprised of the sum of several simultaneous streams of Schroeder-phase speech, is targeted at those parts of the auditory system that respond well to modulated sounds but lack a well defined response to tones. Gaussian noise is targeted at those parts of the auditory system that respond to acoustic energy regardless of modulation. All noises both attenuated and decreased the precise temporal repeatability of the onset response to probe sounds. In addition, the modulated noises induced context-specific changes in the temporal pattern of the response to probe sounds. Scrambling of the temporal response pattern may be a direct neural correlate of the unfortunate experience of being able to hear, but not understand, speech sounds in noisy environments.