A whole-grain cereal-based diet lowers postprandial plasma insulin and triglyceride levels in individuals with metabolic syndrome

• Published in: Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases Vol. 24; no. 8; pp. 837 - 844
• Main Authors: Giacco, R, Costabile, G, Della Pepa, G, Anniballi, G, Griffo, E, Mangione, A, Cipriano, P, Viscovo, D, Clemente, G, Landberg, R, Pacini, G, Rivellese, A.A, Riccardi, G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-08-2014
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Apolipoproteins A - blood; Apolipoproteins B - blood; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Cardiovascular; Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control; Cereal fiber; Cholesterol, HDL - blood; Cholesterol, LDL - blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - prevention & control; Diet; Edible Grain; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - blood; Female; Food Science; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood; Glucose metabolism; Glycemic Index; Humans; Insulin - blood; Insulin metabolism; Linear Models; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Livsmedelsvetenskap; Male; Metabolic Syndrome - blood; Middle Aged; Nutrition and Dietetics; Nutrition Assessment; Näringslära; Patient Compliance; Postprandial Period; Triglycerides - blood; Whole-grains; FFA; cardiovascular disease; glycemic index; ARs; GI; GLP-1; lipopolysaccharides; Cereal fiber; homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance; T2D; Lipids; free fatty acids; Whole-grains; Homa-IR; Insulin metabolism; LPS; alkylresorcinol homologues; CVD; Glucose metabolism; type 2 diabetes; glucagon like peptide-1
• ISSN: 0939-4753; 1590-3729; 1590-3729
• DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.01.007

Abstract Background and aim Until recently, very few intervention studies have investigated the effects of whole-grain cereals on postprandial glucose, insulin and lipid metabolism, and the existing studies have provided mixed results. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-week intervention with either a whole-grain-based or a refined cereal-based diet on postprandial glucose, insulin and lipid metabolism in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Methods and results Sixty-one men and women age range 40–65 years, with the metabolic syndrome were recruited to participate in this study using a parallel group design. After a 4-week run-in period, participants were randomly assigned to a 12-week diet based on whole-grain products (whole-grain group) or refined cereal products (control group). Blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of the intervention, both fasting and 3 h after a lunch, to measure biochemical parameters. Generalized linear model (GLM) was used for between-group comparisons. Overall, 26 participants in the control group and 28 in the whole-grain group completed the dietary intervention. Drop-outs (five in the control and two in the whole-grain group) did not affect randomization. After 12 weeks, postprandial insulin and triglyceride responses (evaluated as average change 2 and 3 h after the meal, respectively) decreased by 29% and 43%, respectively, in the whole-grain group compared to the run-in period. Postprandial insulin and triglyceride responses were significantly lower at the end of the intervention in the whole-grain group compared to the control group ( p  = 0.04 and p  = 0.05; respectively) whereas there was no change in postprandial response of glucose and other parameters evaluated. Conclusions A twelve week whole-grain cereal-based diet, compared to refined cereals, reduced postprandial insulin and triglycerides responses. This finding may have implications for type 2 diabetes risk and cardiovascular disease.