Survey of awareness and beliefs about cancer (ABC) in Tehran Province, Iran

• Published in: BMC cancer Vol. 24; no. 1; p. 579
• Main Authors: Akbari, Paria, Nemati, Saeed, Nahvijou, Azin, Bolourinejad, Paria, Forbes, Lindsay, Zendehdel, Kazem
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 11-05-2024; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Adult; Adults; Age groups; Aged; Analysis; Attitudes; Breast; Cancer; Cancer therapies; Consent; Control programs; Data collection; Diagnosis; Early Detection of Cancer - psychology; Early Detection of Cancer - statistics & numerical data; Ethics; Female; Health behavior; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health promotion; Households; Human papillomavirus; Humans; Illiteracy; Interviews; Iran - epidemiology; Male; Medical screening; Middle Aged; Neoplasms - diagnosis; Neoplasms - epidemiology; Neoplasms - psychology; Prevention; Public opinion; Questionnaires; Risk factors; Rural areas; Socioeconomic factors; Surveys; Surveys and Questionnaires; Variables; Iran; Canada; United Kingdom > UK; Australia
• ISSN: 1471-2407; 1471-2407
• DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12211-y

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices are essential measures for planning and evaluating cancer control programs. Little is known about these in Iran.
We conducted a population-based interview survey of adults aged 30-70 using the Farsi version of the Awareness and Beliefs about Cancer questionnaire in the capital province of Tehran, Iran, 2019. We calculated weighted estimates of levels of cancer knowledge, attitudes, and practices to allow for different selection probabilities and nonresponse. We used multivariate logistic regression to understand demographic factors associated with bowel, cervix, and breast screening practices.
We interviewed 736 men and 744 women. The mean number of recalled cancer warning signs was less than one; 57.7% could not recall any cancer warning signs. Participants recognized 5.6 out of 11 early cancer warning signs and 8.8 of 13 cancer risk factors. Most (82.7%) did not know that HPV infection was a cancer risk factor. Approximately, half had negative attitudes towards cancer treatment, but over 80% had positive attitudes towards the effectiveness of screening for improving survival. Colorectal, breast, and cervical screening rates were 24%, 42%, and 49%, respectively. Higher socioeconomic status increased the odds of taking up screening for cancer. Women aged 60-70 were less likely to report taking up breast and cervical screening than younger women.
The Iranian population has poor awareness and negative attitudes about cancer, and participation in screening programs is low. Public awareness and early detection of cancer should be promoted in Iran.