Early evolution of fully convective stars in scalar–tensor gravity

• Published in: The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields Vol. 83; no. 6; pp. 492 - 13
• Main Authors: Gomes, Débora Aguiar, Wojnar, Aneta
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-06-2023; Springer; Springer Nature B.V; SpringerOpen
• Subjects: Astronomy; Astrophysics and Cosmology; Elementary Particles; Equilibrium; Equilibrium equations; Evolution; Gravity; Hadrons; Heavy Ions; Internal waves; Lithium; Mathematical analysis; Measurement Science and Instrumentation; Nuclear Energy; Nuclear Physics; Phases; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Quantum Field Theories; Quantum Field Theory; Regular Article - Theoretical Physics; Space telescopes; String Theory; Tensors; Theoretical physics
• ISSN: 1434-6052; 1434-6044; 1434-6052
• DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11659-9

In this work, the early evolution of low-mass fully convective stars is studied in the context of DHOST (degenerate higher order scalar-tensor) theories of gravity. Although it is known that the hydrostatic equilibrium equation is modified for scalar-tensor gravity, the consequent modifications to the early evolution phases of a star were not explored in this framework. With this in mind, we consider three evolutionary phases—contraction to the main sequence, lithium burning and entrance to the main sequence—and investigate how each of these phases is affected by the theory’s parameter. Taking these effects into account, we are able to show, among other things, that the Hayashi tracks are shifted and the star’s age is considerably modified.