Treatment of Oxidative Stress with Exosomes in Myocardial Ischemia

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 22; no. 4; p. 1729
• Main Authors: Liu, Yun, Wang, Mengxue, Liang, Yin, Wang, Chen, Naruse, Keiji, Takahashi, Ken
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 09-02-2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Antioxidants; Biofilms; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cell signaling; Cell therapy; Coronary artery; Coronary artery disease; coronary heart disease; exosome; exosome therapy; Exosomes; Gene expression; Health services; Heart; Heart diseases; Hypoxia; Ischemia; Metabolism; Mortality; Myocardial infarction; Myocardial ischemia; Nanoparticles; Oxidative stress; Protein synthesis; Proteins; reactive oxygen radicals; Reperfusion; Review; Signal transduction; Stem cells; Thrombosis; exosome therapy; reactive oxygen radicals; coronary heart disease; exosome; oxidative stress; myocardial infarction
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041729

A thrombus in a coronary artery causes ischemia, which eventually leads to myocardial infarction (MI) if not removed. However, removal generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury that damages the tissue and exacerbates the resulting MI. The mechanism of I/R injury is currently extensively understood. However, supplementation of exogenous antioxidants is ineffective against oxidative stress (OS). Enhancing the ability of endogenous antioxidants may be a more effective way to treat OS, and exosomes may play a role as targeted carriers. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles wrapped in biofilms which contain various complex RNAs and proteins. They are important intermediate carriers of intercellular communication and material exchange. In recent years, diagnosis and treatment with exosomes in cardiovascular diseases have gained considerable attention. Herein, we review the new findings of exosomes in the regulation of OS in coronary heart disease, discuss the possibility of exosomes as carriers for the targeted regulation of endogenous ROS generation, and compare the advantages of exosome therapy with those of stem-cell therapy. Finally, we explore several miRNAs found in exosomes against OS.