Extended steep ramp test normative values for 19–24-year-old healthy active young adults

• Published in: European journal of applied physiology Vol. 120; no. 1; pp. 107 - 115
• Main Authors: Werkman, M. S., Bongers, B. C., Blatter, T., Takken, T., Wittink, H.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-01-2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Age; Biological Variation, Population; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Blood Pressure; Body height; Body mass; Body Weight; Children; Female; Females; Heart Rate; Human Physiology; Humans; Male; Males; Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine; Original; Original Article; Physical training; Reference Standards; Respiratory function; Sex Factors; Sports Medicine; Walk Test - methods; Walk Test - standards; Walking - physiology; Young Adult; Young adults; Cardiorespiratory fitness; Field test; Cycle ergometry; Exercise testing; Aerobic fitness
• ISSN: 1439-6319; 1439-6327; 1439-6327
• DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04255-x

Purpose
To extend currently available sex and age-specific normative values in children and adolescents for the peak work rate (WR
peak
) attained at the steep ramp test (SRT) to healthy active young adults.
Methods
Healthy male and female participants aged between 19 and 24 years were recruited. After screening and anthropometric measurements, participants performed a SRT on a cycle ergometer (increments of 25 W/10 s), monitoring and recording SRT-WR
peak
, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) at rest and directly after peak exercise.
Results
Fifty-seven participants (31 males and 26 females; median age of 21.3 years) volunteered and were tested. Anthropometrics, resting BP and lung function were all within normal ranges. Ninety-three percent of the participants attained a peak HR (HR
peak
) > 80% of predicted (mean HR
peak
87 ± 5% of predicted). No differences were found in resting and peak exercise variables between females and males, except for absolute SRT-WR
peak
(350 W [Q1: 306; Q3: 371] and 487 W [Q1: 450; Q3: 517], respectively) and SRT-WR
peak
normalized for body mass (relative SRT-WR
peak
; 5.4 ± 0.5 and 6.2 ± 0.6 W/kg, respectively). Low-to-moderate correlations (
ρ
[0.02–0.71]) were observed between SRT-WR
peak
and anthropometric variables for females and males separately. Extended reference curves (8–24-year-old subjects) for SRT performance show different trends between male and female subjects when modelled against age, body height, and body mass.
Conclusions
The present study provides sex-, age-, body height-, and body mass-related normative values (presented as reference centiles) for absolute and relative SRT performance throughout childhood and early adulthood.