Prevalence and severity of syndrome Z in women with metabolic syndrome on waiting list for bariatric surgery: a cross-sectional study

• Published in: Diabetology and metabolic syndrome Vol. 9; no. 1; p. 72
• Main Authors: Perez, Eduardo Araujo, Oliveira, Luis Vicente Franco, Freitas, Jr, Wilson Rodrigues, Malheiros, Carlos Alberto, Ilias, Elias Jirjoss, Silva, Anderson Soares, Urbano, Jessica Julioti, Oliveira, Patricia Clemente, Cepeda, Felipe X, Sampaio, Luciana M M, Trombetta, Ivani C, Delle, Humberto, Neto, Daniel Gianella, Nacif, Sergio Roberto, Stirbulov, Roberto
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 20-09-2017; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Apnea; Bariatric surgery; Blood pressure; Body mass index; Cardiovascular disease; Care and treatment; Cholesterol; Cross-sectional studies; Developing countries; Diabetes; Diagnosis; Gastrointestinal surgery; Health aspects; Health risk assessment; Heart; Hypertension; Insulin resistance; LDCs; Mens health; Metabolic diseases; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic syndrome X; Neck; Obesity; Obstructive sleep apnoea; Polysomnography; Population; Public health; Risk factors; Severe obesity; Sleep; Sleep and wakefulness; Sleep apnea; Sleep disorders; Surgery; Triglycerides; Weight control; Womens health; Obstructive sleep apnoea; Metabolic syndrome X; Polysomnography; Severe obesity
• ISSN: 1758-5996; 1758-5996
• DOI: 10.1186/s13098-017-0269-2

In recent years, obesity has become one of the most important public health problems in the world, with a growing prevalence in both developed and developing countries. Recent studies show that sleep disturbances, especially obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) may be a manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Although the association of OSA with the MetS is largely attributed to obesity, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms and their individual characteristics still need to be identified. This study investigated the prevalence and severity of syndrome Z in obese women with MetS on waiting list for bariatric surgery.
In this double-center cross-sectional study, female patients aged ≥18 years, stage III severe obesity with MetS, on waiting list for bariatric surgery were recruited. The diagnosis for MetS was made according to the criteria of the national cholesterol education program, adult treatment panel III. Clinical, anthropometric, demographic, biochemistry, and sleep measurements were collected. Correlations between continuous variables with sleep parameters were performed using the Pearson correlation test or Spearman correlation test.
The mean age of 83 patients was 44.8 ± 11.2 years and mean BMI was 42.6 ± 8.1 kg/m
. There was a significant correlation between OSA and metabolic score (r = 0.336; P = 0.002), neck circumference (r = 0.218; P = 0.048), basal systolic blood pressure (r = 0.280; P = 0.01), total cholesterol (r = 0.277; P = 0.011) and abdomen circumference (r = 0.284; P = 0.009). The mean values of excessive daytime sleepiness were 10.5 ± 7 demonstrating a value considered normal for its presence. However, a high risk for OSA was observed in practically the entire population. It was observed that the prevalence of Syndrome Z (75.9%) increased significantly according to apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI) (P for trend <0.0000). A prevalence of 27.71% for mild OSA, 20.48% for moderate OSA, and 27.71% for severe OSA was observed. An association of AHI severity with all components of MetS was also observed.
We can conclude that syndrome Z presents a high prevalence in a female population with MetS and a considerable severity according to the presence of OSA. Therefore, patients with MetS should be investigated for the presence of sleep disorders.
The study has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02409160 and followed the standards of The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies.