Nanomedicine for acute respiratory distress syndrome: The latest application, targeting strategy, and rational design

• Published in: Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B Vol. 11; no. 10; pp. 3060 - 3091
• Main Authors: Qiao, Qi, Liu, Xiong, Yang, Ting, Cui, Kexin, Kong, Li, Yang, Conglian, Zhang, Zhiping
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-10-2021; Elsevier
• Subjects: Acute lung injury; Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Anti-inflammatory therapy; COVID-19; Drug delivery; Nanomedicine; Pathophysiologic feature; Review; Targeting strategy; Targeting strategy; PS-PEG; CLP; EPR; ELVIS; ICAM-1; H2O2; MPO; COVID-19; BSA; NF-κB; RBC; SARS-CoV-2; Anti-inflammatory therapy; RBD; AEC II; iNOS; rSPANb; ARDS; Acute lung injury; MPMVECs; IL; Siglec; PDE4; SARS; AM; DOX; PCB; ACE2; NETs; NE; PEVs; ROS; SORT; Esbp; Acute respiratory distress syndrome; PECAM-1; cRGD; GNP; FcgR; Drug delivery; HO-1; PDA; EphA2; LPS; Pathophysiologic feature; TPP; EPCs; TLR; MSC; Nanomedicine; SP; DPPC; DOPE; CD; EVs; YSA; BALF; IKK; S1PLyase; ECM; NAC; Se; PC; PEG; PLGA; TNF-α; PEI; scFv; SDC1; DOTAP; MERS; ECM, extracellular matrix; RBC, red blood cells; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; MPO, myeloperoxidase; NETs, neutrophil extracellular traps; AEC II, alveolar type II epithelial cells; AM, alveolar macrophages; Esbp, E-selectin-binding peptide; FcgR, Fcγ receptor; CD, cyclodextrin; scFv, single chain variable fragments; PEVs, platelet-derived extracellular vesicles; TLR, toll-like receptor; SP, surfactant protein; DOX, doxorubicin; PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); EphA2, ephrin type-A receptor 2; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome; MPMVECs, mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells; cRGD, cyclic arginine glycine-d-aspartic acid; DOPE, phosphatidylethanolamine; ELVIS, extravasation through leaky vasculature and subsequent inflammatory cell-mediated sequestration; IL, interleukin; MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PECAM-1, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule; EVs, extracellular vesicles; PCB, poly(carboxybetaine); IKK, IκB kinase; PEI, polyetherimide; PS-PEG, poly(styrene-b-ethylene glycol); S1PLyase, sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase; NAC, N-acetylcysteine; SDC1, syndecan-1; Se, selenium; DOTAP, 1-diolefin-3-trimethylaminopropane; NE, neutrophil elastase; YSA, YSAYPDSVPMMS; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; EPR, enhanced permeability and retention; PEG, poly(ethylene glycol); ROS, reactive oxygen species; TPP, triphenylphosphonium cation; PC, phosphatidylcholine; BSA, bovine serum albumin; GNP, peptide-gold nanoparticle; SORT, selective organ targeting; DPPC, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; CLP, cecal ligation and perforation; BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; rSPANb, anti-rat SP-A nanobody; PDA, polydopamine; PDE4, phosphodiesterase 4; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; EPCs, endothelial progenitor cells; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; RBD, receptor-binding domains; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; Siglec, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin; MSC, mesenchymal stem cells; ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1
• ISSN: 2211-3835; 2211-3843
• DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.023

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by the severe inflammation and destruction of the lung air–blood barrier, leading to irreversible and substantial respiratory function damage. Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been encountered with a high risk of ARDS, underscoring the urgency for exploiting effective therapy. However, proper medications for ARDS are still lacking due to poor pharmacokinetics, non-specific side effects, inability to surmount pulmonary barrier, and inadequate management of heterogeneity. The increased lung permeability in the pathological environment of ARDS may contribute to nanoparticle-mediated passive targeting delivery. Nanomedicine has demonstrated unique advantages in solving the dilemma of ARDS drug therapy, which can address the shortcomings and limitations of traditional anti-inflammatory or antioxidant drug treatment. Through passive, active, or physicochemical targeting, nanocarriers can interact with lung epithelium/endothelium and inflammatory cells to reverse abnormal changes and restore homeostasis of the pulmonary environment, thereby showing good therapeutic activity and reduced toxicity. This article reviews the latest applications of nanomedicine in pre-clinical ARDS therapy, highlights the strategies for targeted treatment of lung inflammation, presents the innovative drug delivery systems, and provides inspiration for strengthening the therapeutic effect of nanomedicine-based treatment.
Nanomedicine has demonstrated great potential in achieving specific targeting and amplifying therapeutic efficiency. This review focuses on the recent breakthroughs and targeting strategies to provide insights into nanomedicine for acute respiratory distress syndrome treatment. [Display omitted]