Bone biomaterials and interactions with stem cells

• Published in: Bone research Vol. 5; no. 4; pp. 253 - 285
• Main Authors: Gao, Chengde, Peng, Shuping, Feng, Pei, Shuai, Cijun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: China Springer Nature B.V 21-12-2017; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury,Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province,Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,Changsha,China; State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing,College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Central South University, Changsha,China%The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health,Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,Changsha, China; Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou,China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University,Changsha,China%State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing,College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Central South University, Changsha,China; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: Biomedical materials; Bone;biomaterials;interactions;;;stem;cells; Cell adhesion & migration; Review; Stem cells
• ISSN: 2095-4700; 2095-6231
• DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.59

Bone biomaterials play a vital role in bone repair by providing the necessary substrate for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation and by modulating cell activity and function. In past decades, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing bone biomaterials with a focus on the following issues： （1） developing ideal biomaterials with a combination of suitable biological and mechanical properties; （2） constructing a cell microenvironment with pores ranging in size from nanoscale to submicro- and microscale; and （3） inducing the oriented differentiation of stem cells for artificial-to-biological transformation. Here we present a comprehensive review of the state of the art of bone biomaterials and their interactions with stem cells. Typical bone biomaterials that have been developed, including bioactive ceramics, biodegradable polymers, and biodegradable metals, are reviewed, with an emphasis on their characteristics and applications. The necessary porous structure of bone biomaterials for the cell microenvironment is discussed, along with the corresponding fabrication methods. Additionally, the promising seed stem cells for bone repair are summarized, and their interaction mechanisms with bone biomaterials are discussed in detail. Special attention has been paid to the signaling pathways involved in the focal adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells on bone biomaterials. Finally, achievements regarding bone biomaterials are summarized, and future research directions are proposed.