Modular Redesign of a Cationic Lytic Peptide To Promote the Endosomal Escape of Biomacromolecules

• Published in: Angewandte Chemie International Edition Vol. 57; no. 39; pp. 12771 - 12774
• Main Authors: Azuma, Yusuke, Imai, Haruka, Kawaguchi, Yoshimasa, Nakase, Ikuhiko, Kimura, Hiroshi, Futaki, Shiroh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 24-09-2018
• Edition: International ed. in English
• Subjects: Cations; Cations - chemistry; Cell Survival - drug effects; Coordination Complexes - chemistry; Cytosol; Cytosol - metabolism; Cytotoxicity; Dextrans - chemistry; Dextrans - metabolism; drug delivery; Endocytosis; Endosomes - metabolism; Fluorescent Dyes - chemistry; HeLa Cells; Histones; Humans; Liposomes - metabolism; Macromolecules; Mastoparan; Membranes; Microscopy, Confocal; Nickel - chemistry; Peptides; Peptides - chemistry; Peptides - metabolism; Peptides - pharmacology; Redesign; Toxicity; tridentate ligands; Venom; membranes; peptides; drug delivery; tridentate ligands; cytotoxicity
• ISSN: 1433-7851; 1521-3773
• DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807534

Endocytosis is an important route for the intracellular delivery of biomacromolecules, wherein their inefficient endosomal escape into the cytosol remains a major barrier. Based on the understanding that endosomal membranes are negatively charged, we focused on the potential of cationic lytic peptides for developing endosomolysis agents to release such entrapped molecules. As such, a venom peptide, Mastoparan X, was employed and redesigned to serve as a delivery tool. Appending a tri‐glutamate unit to the N‐terminus attenuates the cytotoxicity of Mastoparan X by about 40 fold, while introduction of a NiII‐dipicolylamine complex enhances cellular uptake of the peptide by about 17 fold. Using the optimized peptide, various fluorescently labeled macromolecules were successfully delivered to the cytosol, enabling live‐cell imaging of acetylated histones.
Break the trap: Inefficient endosomal escape into the cytosol has been a bottleneck in intracellular delivery of biomacromolecules. With appropriate chemical modifications, a cationic amphiphilic peptide, Mastoparan X, became a useful delivery tool that selectively disrupts the endosomal membranes and releases entrapped materials.