Models of accelerated sarcopenia: Critical pieces for solving the puzzle of age-related muscle atrophy

• Published in: Ageing research reviews Vol. 9; no. 4; pp. 369 - 383
• Main Authors: Buford, Thomas W, Anton, Stephen D, Judge, Andrew R, Marzetti, Emanuele, Wohlgemuth, Stephanie E, Carter, Christy S, Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, Pahor, Marco, Manini, Todd M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01-10-2010
• Subjects: Acceleration; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging - physiology; Apoptosis - physiology; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology; Diabetes Mellitus - metabolism; Feeding Behavior - physiology; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Internal Medicine; Kidney Diseases - epidemiology; Kidney Diseases - metabolism; Models, Biological; Motor Activity - physiology; Muscle, Skeletal - pathology; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology; Neoplasms - epidemiology; Neoplasms - metabolism; Neurology; Nutritional Requirements; Peripheral Arterial Disease - epidemiology; Peripheral Arterial Disease - metabolism; Sarcopenia - metabolism; Sarcopenia - physiopathology; Sarcopenia - therapy; TNFα; UCP; neuropeptide Y; DM; MHC; 4EBP1; uncoupling protein; Forkhead Box O; PI3K; Proteolysis; highly active antiretroviral therapy; mTOR; Aging; muscle atrophy F box; UPS; AIF; FoxO; heart failure; atrogin1/MAFbx; IL; major histocompatability complex; pro-opiomelanocortin; RPS6; protein energy malnutrition; caloric insufficiency; apoptosis inducing factor; ROS; CNF; HAART; chronic kidney disease; p70S6K; mtDNA; MuRF1; nuclear factor kappa B; muscle-specific RING finger 1; peripheral mononuclear cell; diabetes mellitus; Satellite cells; NFkB; ciliary neurotrophic factor; SC; Disability; mammalian target of rapamycin; tumor necrosis factor alpha; NPY; reactive oxygen species; GC; interleukin; CKD; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; glucocorticoid; phosphotidyl-inositol-3-kinase; peripheral artery disease; eIF4G; CI; mitochondrial DNA; PMC; IGF1; insulin like growth factor 1; S6K1; POMC; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G; 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase; PAD; ubiquitin-proteasome system; satellite cell; HIV; ribosomal protein S6; ribosomal protein S6 kinase; PEM; HF; COPD; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• ISSN: 1568-1637; 1872-9649
• DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2010.04.004

Abstract Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, is a significant public health concern that continues to grow in relevance as the population ages. Certain conditions have the strong potential to coincide with sarcopenia to accelerate the progression of muscle atrophy in older adults. Among these conditions are co-morbid diseases common to older individuals such as cancer, kidney disease, diabetes, and peripheral artery disease. Furthermore, behaviors such as poor nutrition and physical inactivity are well-known to contribute to sarcopenia development. However, we argue that these behaviors are not inherent to the development of sarcopenia but rather accelerate its progression. In the present review, we discuss how these factors affect systemic and cellular mechanisms that contribute to skeletal muscle atrophy. In addition, we describe gaps in the literature concerning the role of these factors in accelerating sarcopenia progression. Elucidating biochemical pathways related to accelerated muscle atrophy may allow for improved discovery of therapeutic treatments related to sarcopenia.