Distribution of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) and Hepatitis C Co-infection in Bahia, Brazil

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 15; no. 7; p. e0223087
• Main Authors: Pereira, Felicidade Mota, Almeida, Maria da Conceição Chagas de, Santos, Fred Luciano Neves, Carreiro, Roberto Perez, Galvão-Castro, Bernardo, Grassi, Maria Fernanda Rios, Switzer, William M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: San Francisco, CA USA Public Library of Science 21-07-2020; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Biology and life sciences; Hepatitis viruses; HTLV viruses; Medicine and health sciences; People and places; Physical Sciences; Statistics; Brazil
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223087

Both Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are endemic in Brazil. In Salvador, the capital of the state of Bahia, 2% and 1.5% of the general population is infected with HTLV-1 or HCV. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and the distribution of HTLV/HCV coinfection in Bahia. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Central Laboratory of Public Health for the state of Bahia (LACEN-BA). All samples in the LACEN database submitted to serological testing for anti-HCV (chemiluminescence) and anti-HTLV-1/2 (chemiluminescence/ELISA and Western blot) from 2004 to 2013 were included. Infection rate was expressed as the number of infected individuals per 100,000 inhabitants in a given municipality; municipalities were grouped by microregion for further analysis. A total of 120,192 samples originating from 358 of the 417 municipalities in Bahia (85.8%) were evaluated. The overall HCV coinfection rate in HTLV-positive was 14.31% [2.8 (ranging from 0.4 to 8.0) per 100,000 inhabitants.] Twenty-one (5%) of the municipalities reported at least one case of HTLV/HCV coinfection. Most cases (87%) were concentrated in three microregions (Salvador: 79%, Ilhéus/Itabuna: 5%, Porto Seguro: 3%). Coinfection occurred more frequently in males (51%) with a mean age of 59 [(IQR): 46-59] years. HTLV/HCV coinfection in the state of Bahia was more frequently found among males living in the microregions of Salvador, Ilhéus/Itabuna and Porto Seguro, all of which are known to be endemic for HTLV infection.