Quantitative Accuracy of the Simplified Strong Ion Equation to Predict Serum pH in Dogs

• Published in: Journal of veterinary internal medicine Vol. 29; no. 3; pp. 781 - 785
• Main Authors: Cave, N.J., Koo, S.T.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-05-2015; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Accuracy; Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acid-Base Imbalance - blood; Acid-Base Imbalance - veterinary; Acids; Acid‐base; Animal diseases; Animals; Biochemistry; Blood gas analysis; Blood Gas Analysis - methods; Blood Gas Analysis - veterinary; Canine; Carbon dioxide; Discordance; Dog Diseases - blood; Dogs; Dogs - blood; Dogs - physiology; Electrochemical; Electrochemistry; Electrolytes; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Metabolism; Plasma; Prospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results; Strong ion difference; Teaching hospitals; Variables; New Zealand; Strong ion difference; Acid-base; Canine; Electrochemical
• ISSN: 0891-6640; 1939-1676
• DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12579

Background
Electrochemical approach to the assessment of acid‐base states should provide a better mechanistic explanation of the metabolic component than methods that consider only pH and carbon dioxide.
Hypothesis/Objectives
Simplified strong ion equation (SSIE), using published dog‐specific values, would predict the measured serum pH of diseased dogs.
Animals
Ten dogs, hospitalized for various reasons.
Methods
Prospective study of a convenience sample of a consecutive series of dogs admitted to the Massey University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (MUVTH), from which serum biochemistry and blood gas analyses were performed at the same time. Serum pH was calculated (Hcal+) using the SSIE, and published values for the concentration and dissociation constant for the nonvolatile weak acids (Atot and Ka), and subsequently Hcal+ was compared with the dog's actual pH (Hmeasured+). To determine the source of discordance between Hcal+ and Hmeasured+, the calculations were repeated using a series of substituted values for Atot and Ka.
Results
The Hcal+ did not approximate the Hmeasured+ for any dog (P = 0.499, r2 = 0.068), and was consistently more basic. Substituted values Atot and Ka did not significantly improve the accuracy (r2 = 0.169 to <0.001). Substituting the effective SID (Atot−[HCO3−]) produced a strong association between Hcal+ and Hmeasured+ (r2 = 0.977).
Conclusions and clinical importance
Using the simplified strong ion equation and the published values for Atot and Ka does not appear to provide a quantitative explanation for the acid‐base status of dogs. Efficacy of substituting the effective SID in the simplified strong ion equation suggests the error lies in calculating the SID.