Molasses and microbial inoculants improve fermentability and silage quality of cotton waste-based spent mushroom substrate

• Published in: Bioresource technology Vol. 100; no. 3; pp. 1471 - 1473
• Main Authors: Kwak, W.S., Kim, Y.I., Seok, J.S., Oh, Y.K., Lee, S.M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01-02-2009; [New York, NY]: Elsevier Ltd; Elsevier
• Subjects: Agaricales - growth & development; agricultural wastes; Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; Animal Feed - microbiology; Applied sciences; Biological and medical sciences; chemical composition; cotton; Cotton waste; Ensiling; Exact sciences and technology; Food industries; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General agronomy. Plant production; Gossypium - microbiology; lactic acid bacteria; lactic fermentation; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lactobacillus plantarum - metabolism; Microbes; molasses; Molasses - microbiology; mushrooms; Other nutrients. Amendments. Solid and liquid wastes. Sludges and slurries; Pleurotus ostreatus; Pollution; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae - metabolism; silage; silage fermentation; silage making; Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments; Spent mushroom compost; Spent mushroom substrate; Use and upgrading of agricultural and food by-products. Biotechnology; Wastes; EE; ADF; Ensiling; WSC; Spent mushroom substrate; DM; LAB; CP; NPN; NDF; Spent mushroom compost; Cotton waste; SMS; TP; Microbes; Compost; Molasses; Growing medium; Inoculation; Silage; Wastes; Microorganism; Cultivated mushroom
• ISSN: 0960-8524; 1873-2976
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.07.066

A small-silo study was conducted to develop an effective ensiling storage method for the use of cotton waste-based spent mushroom substrate (SMS) as an animal feed. The SMS was ensiled with 5% molasses (DM basis), 0.5% (v/w) lactic acid bacteria (LAB,
Lactobacillus plantarum) inoculant or 0.5% (v/w) yeast (
Saccharomyces cerevisiae) inoculant. The treatments included 100% SMS (control), 95% SMS
+
5% molasses (T1), 95% SMS
+
5% molasses
+
0.5% LAB (T2) and 95% SMS
+
5% molasses
+
5% LAB
+
0.5% yeast (T3). The treatments were ensiled for 10. Change in chemical compositions was little (
P
>
0.05) according to the ensiling process and treatments. Compared with those before ensiling, 100% SMS (control) after ensiling showed unstable fermentative properties with high pH (5.2) and little lactic acid production. Compared with the ensiled control, treatments (T1, T2 and T3) resulted in decreased pH, 18–20 times higher concentrations of lactic acid, and greater populations of total bacteria (
P
<
0.07), LAB and yeast (
P
<
0.07). The addition of 5% molasses, 0.5% LAB and 0.5% yeast (T3) to the SMS resulted in the lowest pH (4.25) and the greatest microbial populations. Treatment T3 was selected for a large scale silo study which was ensiled for 10, 20 and 30
d. As in the small-silo study, the T3 treatment showed favorable fermentative and microbial parameters, compared with the control, by decreasing pH and increasing lactic acid concentrations, LAB and yeast populations. The minimum ensiling period was 20
d, when pH was reasonably low and LAB and yeast populations were greatest. In conclusion, molasses and microbial inoculation improved silage quality of SMS.