Measurements of sulfur dioxide, ozone and ammonia concentrations in Asia, Africa, and South America using passive samplers

• Published in: Atmospheric environment (1994) Vol. 37; no. 9; pp. 1293 - 1308
• Main Authors: Carmichael, Gregory R, Ferm, Martin, Thongboonchoo, Narisara, Woo, Jung-Hun, Chan, L.Y, Murano, Kentaro, Viet, Pham Hung, Mossberg, Carl, Bala, Rajasekhlar, Boonjawat, Jariya, Upatum, Pramote, Mohan, Manju, Adhikary, Sharad P, Shrestha, Arun B, Pienaar, J.J, Brunke, Ernst B, Chen, Tai, Jie, Tang, Guoan, Ding, Peng, Leong Chow, Dhiharto, Sri, Harjanto, Hery, Jose, Aida M, Kimani, Wilson, Kirouane, Abdelmalek, Lacaux, Jean-Pierre, Richard, Sandrine, Barturen, Osvaldo, Cerda, Jorge Carrasco, Athayde, Augusto, Tavares, Tania, Cotrina, Jose Silva, Bilici, Erdal
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01-03-2003
• Subjects: Africa; Ammonia; Asia; Diffusive samplers; Ozone; Sulfur dioxide; South America; Asia; Africa; Ammonia; Diffusive samplers; Ozone; Asia; Sulfur dioxide; Africa
• ISSN: 1352-2310; 1873-2844
• DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)01009-9

Measurements of gaseous SO
2, NH
3, and O
3 using IVL passive sampler technology were obtained during a pilot measurement program initiated as a key component of the newly established WMO/GAW Urban Research Meteorology and Environment (GURME) project. Monthly measurements were obtained at 50 stations in Asia, Africa, South America, and Europe. The median SO
2 concentrations vary from a high of 13
ppb at Linan, China, to <0.03
ppb at four stations. At 30 of 50 regional stations, the observed median concentrations are <1
ppb. Median ammonia concentrations range from 20
ppb at Dhangadi, India, to <1
ppb at nine stations. At 27 of regional stations, the ambient ammonia levels exceed 1
ppb. The median ozone concentrations vary from a maximum of 45
ppb at Waliguan Mountain, China, to 8
ppb in Petit Saut, French Guiana. In general, the highest ozone values are found in the mid-latitudes, with the Northern hemisphere mid-latitude values exceeding the Southern hemisphere mid-latitude levels, and the lowest values are typically found in the tropical regions.