Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 13; no. 6; p. 1886
• Main Authors: Barańska, Agnieszka, Błaszczuk, Agata, Polz-Dacewicz, Małgorzata, Kanadys, Wiesław, Malm, Maria, Janiszewska, Mariola, Jędrych, Marian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 31-05-2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Analysis; Bias; Cholesterol; Clinical trials; Confidence intervals; Dextrose; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes therapy; Diet therapy; Glucose; Glucose metabolism; Glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL-C; Hemoglobin; High density lipoprotein; Homeostasis; Insulin; Insulin resistance; Isoflavones; LDL-C; Lifestyles; Lipid metabolism; lipid profile; Lipids; Low density lipoprotein; Low density lipoproteins; Meta-analysis; Metabolism; Obesity; Physiological aspects; Proteins; Review; soy isoflavones; Statistical analysis; Subgroups; Systematic review; T2DM; total cholesterol; Triglycerides; Type 2 diabetes; Womens health; United States > US
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu13061886

The aim of the report was to investigate the impact of soy protein and isoflavones on glucose homeostasis and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes. The studies used in this report were identified by searching through the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (up to 2020). Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to explore the influence of covariates on net glycemic control and lipid changes. Weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by using random-effect models. Changes in the lipid profile showed statistically significant decreases in total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations: ‒0.21 mmol/L; 95% CI, ‒0.33 to ‒0.09; p = 0.0008 and ‒0.20 mmol/L; 95% CI, ‒0.28 to ‒0.12; p < 0.0001, respectively, as well as in HDL-C (−0.02 mmol/L; 95% CI, −0.05 to 0.01; p = 0.2008 and triacylglycerols (−0.19 mmol/L; 95% CI, −0.48 to 0.09; p = 0.1884). At the same time, a meta-analysis of the included studies revealed statistically insignificant reduction in fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR (changes in glucose metabolism) after consumption of soy isoflavones. The observed ability of both extracted isoflavone and soy protein with isoflavones to modulate the lipid profile suggests benefits in preventing cardiovascular events in diabetic subjects. Further multicenter studies based on larger and longer duration studies are necessary to determine their beneficial effect on glucose and lipid metabolism.