Bioactive Regeneration Potential of the Newly Developed Uncalcined/Unsintered Hydroxyapatite and Poly-l-Lactide-Co-Glycolide Biomaterial in Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery: An In Vivo Preliminary Study

• Published in: Materials Vol. 14; no. 9; p. 2461
• Main Authors: Ishizuka, Shinji, Dong, Quang Ngoc, Ngo, Huy Xuan, Bai, Yunpeng, Sha, Jingjing, Toda, Erina, Okui, Tatsuo, Kanno, Takahiro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 10-05-2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Biocompatibility; Biodegradation; Biological activity; Biomedical materials; bone regeneration; CD68; Computed tomography; Defects; Degradation; Fractures; Hydroxyapatite; In vivo methods and tests; Inflammatory response; Laboratory animals; Mechanical properties; osteocalcin; osteoconductivity; periostin; Plastic surgery; Polylactic acid; Reconstructive surgery; Regeneration (physiology); Runx2; Subgroups; Titanium; Transplants & implants; Japan
• ISSN: 1996-1944; 1996-1944
• DOI: 10.3390/ma14092461

Uncalcined/unsintered hydroxyapatite (HA) and poly-l-lactide-co-glycolide (u-HA/PLLA/PGA) are novel bioresorbable bioactive materials with bone regeneration characteristics and have been used to treat mandibular defects in a rat model. However, the bone regenerative interaction with the periosteum, the inflammatory response, and the degradation of this material have not been examined. In this study, we used a rat mandible model to compare the above features in u-HA/PLLA/PGA and uncalcined/unsintered HA and poly-l-lactic acid (u-HA/PLLA). We divided 11 male Sprague–Dawley rats into 3- and 16-week groups. In each group, we assessed the characteristics of a u-HA/PLLA/PGA sheet covering the right mandibular angle and a u-HA/PLLA sheet covering the left mandibular angle in three rats each, and one rat was used as a sham control. The remaining three rats in the 16-week group were used for a degradation assessment and received both sheets of material as in the material assessment subgroup. At 3 and 16 weeks after surgery, the rats were sacrificed, and mandible specimens were subjected to micro-computed tomography, histological analysis, and immunohistochemical staining. The results indicated that the interaction between the periosteum and u-HA/PLLA/PGA material produced significantly more new bone regeneration with a lower inflammatory response and a faster resorption rate compared to u-HA/PLLA alone. These findings may indicate that this new biomaterial has ideal potential in treating maxillofacial defects of the midface and orbital regions.