Preconditioning influences mesenchymal stem cell properties in vitro and in vivo

• Published in: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Vol. 22; no. 3; pp. 1428 - 1442
• Main Authors: Hu, Chenxia, Li, Lanjuan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-03-2018; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Animals; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Cell culture; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Hypoxia; Cell self-renewal; Cytokines - pharmacology; Electromagnetic Fields; Genetic modification; Humans; Immunologic Factors - pharmacology; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - pharmacology; in vitro; in vivo; Ischemic Preconditioning - methods; Medical treatment; mesenchymal stem cell; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - cytology; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - drug effects; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - immunology; Mesenchyme; Optimization; Organs; Preconditioning; Regenerative medicine; Regenerative Medicine - methods; Review; Reviews; Small Molecule Libraries - pharmacology; Stem cells; stemness; Tissue engineering; Tissue Engineering - methods; Transplantation; Vitamins - pharmacology; mesenchymal stem cell; in vitro; in vivo; stemness; preconditioning
• ISSN: 1582-1838; 1582-4934; 1582-4934
• DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13492

Various diseases and toxic factors easily impair cellular and organic functions in mammals. Organ transplantation is used to rescue organ function, but is limited by scarce resources. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐based therapy carries promising potential in regenerative medicine because of the self‐renewal and multilineage potency of MSCs; however, MSCs may lose biological functions after isolation and cultivation for a long time in vitro. Moreover, after they are injected in vivo and migrate into the damaged tissues or organs, they encounter a harsh environment coupled with death signals due to the inadequate tensegrity structure between the cells and matrix. Preconditioning, genetic modification and optimization of MSC culture conditions are key strategies to improve MSC functions in vitro and in vivo, and all of these procedures will contribute to improving MSC transplantation efficacy in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Preconditioning with various physical, chemical and biological factors is possible to preserve the stemness of MSCs for further application in studies and clinical tests. In this review, we mainly focus on preconditioning and the corresponding mechanisms for improving MSC activities in vitro and in vivo; we provide a glimpse into the promotion of MSC‐based cell therapy development for regenerative medicine. As a promising consequence, MSC transplantation can be applied for the treatment of some terminal diseases and can prolong the survival time of patients in the near future.