Implementation of a standardized digital rectal exam to improve the accuracy of rectocele diagnosis

• Published in: International Urogynecology Journal Vol. 26; no. 1; pp. 107 - 111
• Main Authors: Crane, Andrea K., Geller, Elizabeth J., Myers, Erinn M., Fenderson, Jacquia L., Wells, Ellen, Jannelli, Mary, Connolly, AnnaMarie, Matthews, Catherine A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Springer London 01-01-2015; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Digital Rectal Examination - methods; Female; Gynecology; Humans; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Middle Aged; Observer Variation; Original Article; Pelvic Organ Prolapse - diagnosis; Rectocele - diagnosis; Urology; Standardized digital rectal exam; Interexaminer reliability; Posterior wall prolapse; Rectocele
• ISSN: 0937-3462; 1433-3023
• DOI: 10.1007/s00192-014-2479-6

Introduction and hypothesis
The standardized evaluation of posterior compartment prolapse using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system is limited. The primary objective of this study is to develop and validate the interexaminer reliability of a new system for assessing the posterior vaginal wall for the presence of a rectocele.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of women presenting to an academic urogynecology clinic. Subjects underwent a routine pelvic examination that included a standard POP-Q followed by two Standardized Digital Rectal Exams (SDRE) by two different providers, each blinded to the other’s results. The SDRE measures the distance from the leading edge of a posterior bulge to the hymen with a finger in the distal rectum - first visually and then an actual measured distance using a marked cotton swab (Q-tip measurement). Correlations between examiners for the SDRE and the POP-Q were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient (ρ).
Results
Eight attending and fellow urogynecologists examined 50 subjects. Mean age was 57.3 years, mean BMI 30.9 kg/m
2
, with an overall median POP-Q stage 2 (range 0–3), and median posterior POP-Q stage 1 (range 0–3). Overall, 54 % of women had a noteworthy rectocele by typical digital rectal exam. Interexaminer correlations with SDRE for both the visual assessment (ρ = 0.697, p < 0.0001) and the Q-tip measurement (ρ = 0.767, p = p < 0.001) were strong. The intraexaminer visual assessment and the Q-tip measurement were highly correlated (ρ = 0.934, p = <0.001).
Conclusion
This standardized rectal examination provides a consistent method for the reporting of distal rectoceles that can lend additional information to the POP-Q exam.