Breastfeeding is Associated with Improved Child Cognitive Development: A Population-Based Cohort Study

• Published in: The Journal of pediatrics Vol. 160; no. 1; pp. 25 - 32
• Main Authors: Quigley, Maria A., BA, MSc, Hockley, Christine, BA, Carson, Claire, BSc, MSc, PhD, Kelly, Yvonne, BSc, PhD, Renfrew, Mary J., RGN, SCM, DN, BSc, PhD, Sacker, Amanda, BSc, PhD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Maryland Heights, MO Elsevier Inc 2012; Mosby, Inc; Elsevier
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; breast feeding; Breast Feeding - statistics & numerical data; Child Development; children; Cognition; cognitive development; Cohort Studies; Epidemiology; Female; General aspects; gestational age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Medical sciences; Miscellaneous; Pediatrics; Public health. Hygiene; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; United Kingdom; NVQ; BAS; MCS; Millennium Cohort Study; British Ability Scales; National Vocational Qualification; Human; Pediatrics; Association; Cohort study; Population-based survey; Population; Cognitive development; Breast feeding; Child; Epidemiology; Statistical study; Public health
• ISSN: 0022-3476; 1097-6833
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.06.035

Objective To assess the association between breastfeeding and child cognitive development in term and preterm children. Study design We analyzed data on white singleton children from the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study. Children were grouped according to breastfeeding duration. Results were stratified by gestational age at birth: 37 to 42 weeks (term, n = 11 101), and 28 to 36 weeks (preterm, n = 778). British Ability Scales tests were administered at age 5 years (naming vocabulary, pattern construction, and picture similarities subscales). Results The mean scores for all subscales increased with breastfeeding duration. After adjusting for confounders, there was a significant difference in mean score between children who were breastfed and children who were never breastfed: in term children, a two-point increase in score for picture similarities (when breastfed ≥4 months) and naming vocabulary (when breastfed ≥6 months); in preterm children, a 4-point increase for naming vocabulary (when breastfed ≥4 months) and picture similarities (when breastfed ≥2 months) and a 6-point increase for pattern construction (when breastfed ≥2 months). These differences suggest that breastfed children will be 1 to 6 months ahead of children who were never breastfed. Conclusions In white, singleton children in the United Kingdom, breastfeeding is associated with improved cognitive development, particularly in children born preterm.