A Metagenomic Survey of Wood Decay Fungi in the Urban Trees of Singapore

• Published in: Journal of fungi (Basel) Vol. 9; no. 4; p. 460
• Main Authors: Hong, Yan, Tan, Jhing Yein, Xue, Huiyu, Chow, Mei Lun, Ali, Mohamed, Ng, Arthur, Leong, Abigail, Yeo, Jeb, Koh, Shao Ming, Tang, Megan Shi Ying, Lee, Yan Yi, Choong, Amy Mei Fun, Lee, Serena Mei Lyn, Delli Ponti, Riccardo, Chan, Perry M, Lee, Daryl, Wong, Jia Yih, Mutwil, Marek, Fong, Yok King
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 10-04-2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Angsana; Antibiotics; Ascomycota; Bar codes; Carbon; Decay fungi; Fruit bodies; Fungi; in vitro wood decay study; Metagenomics; Microorganisms; National parks; Pathogenicity; Rain Tree; Surveys; Taxonomy; Trees; wood rotting fungi; Yellow Flame; Malaysia; Singapore; Angsana; Yellow Flame; Rain Tree; in vitro wood decay study; wood rotting fungi; Polyporales; metagenomics; Fulvifomes; Phellinus noxius; Ganoderma
• ISSN: 2309-608X; 2309-608X
• DOI: 10.3390/jof9040460

Mature tropical urban trees are susceptible to root and trunk rot caused by pathogenic fungi. A metagenomic survey of such fungi was carried out on 210 soil and tissue samples collected from 134 trees of 14 common species in Singapore. Furthermore, 121 fruiting bodies were collected and barcoded. Out of the 22,067 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) identified, 10,646 OTUs had annotation information, and most were either ascomycetes (63.4%) or basidiomycetes (22.5%). Based on their detection in the diseased tissues and surrounding soils and/or the presence of fruiting bodies, fourteen basidiomycetes (nine
, four
, one
) and three ascomycetes (three species of
) were strongly associated with the diseased trees.
affected the largest number of tree species surveyed. The association of three fungi was further supported by in vitro wood decay studies. Genetic heterogeneity was common in the diseased tissues and fruiting bodies (
species especially). This survey identified the common pathogenic fungi of tropical urban trees and laid the foundation for early diagnosis and targeted mitigation efforts. It also illustrated the complexity of fungal ecology and pathogenicity.