Outcomes of Medicare Beneficiaries With Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation

• Published in: JACC. Heart failure Vol. 2; no. 1; pp. 41 - 48
• Main Authors: Khazanie, Prateeti, MD, MPH, Liang, Li, PhD, Qualls, Laura G., MS, Curtis, Lesley H., PhD, Fonarow, Gregg C., MD, Hammill, Bradley G., MS, Hammill, Stephen C., MD, Heidenreich, Paul A., MD, MS, Masoudi, Frederick A., MD, MSPH, Hernandez, Adrian F., MD, MHS, Piccini, Jonathan P., MD, MHS
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-02-2014
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; atrial fibrillation; Atrial Fibrillation - complications; Atrial Fibrillation - mortality; Cardiovascular; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; heart failure; Heart Failure - complications; Heart Failure - mortality; Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data; Humans; Male; Medicare; mortality; outcome assessment (health care); patient readmission; Prognosis; United States - epidemiology; United States; heart failure; EF; atrial fibrillation; Medicare; ejection fraction; AF; outcome assessment (health care); mortality; patient readmission; HF
• ISSN: 2213-1779; 2213-1787
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2013.11.002

Objectives This study sought to examine the long-term outcomes of patients hospitalized with heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Background Atrial fibrillation is common among patients hospitalized with heart failure. Associations of pre-existing and new-onset atrial fibrillation with long-term outcomes are unclear. Methods We analyzed 27,829 heart failure admissions between 2006 and 2008 at 281 hospitals in the American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines–Heart Failure program linked with Medicare claims. Patients were classified as having pre-existing, new-onset, or no atrial fibrillation. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify factors that were independently associated with all-cause mortality, all-cause readmission, and readmission for heart failure, stroke, and other cardiovascular disease at 1 and 3 years. Results After multivariable adjustment, pre-existing atrial fibrillation was associated with greater 3-year risks of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.14 [99% confidence interval (CI): 1.08 to 1.20]), all-cause readmission (HR: 1.09 [99% CI: 1.05 to 1.14]), heart failure readmission (HR: 1.15 [99% CI: 1.08 to 1.21]), and stroke readmission (HR: 1.20 [99% CI: 1.01 to 1.41]), compared with no atrial fibrillation. There was also a greater hazard of mortality at 1 year among patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation (HR: 1.12 [99% CI: 1.01 to 1.24]). Compared with no atrial fibrillation, new-onset atrial fibrillation was not associated with a greater risk of the readmission outcomes. Stroke readmission rates at 1 year were just as high for patients with preserved ejection fraction as for patients with reduced ejection fraction. Conclusions Both pre-existing and new-onset atrial fibrillation were associated with greater long-term mortality among older patients with heart failure. Pre-existing atrial fibrillation was associated with greater risk of readmission.