Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Demyelinating Diseases: Prospects in Treatment and Diagnosis of Autoimmune Neurological Disorders

Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Demyelinating Diseases: Prospects in Treatment and Diagnosis of Autoimmune Neurological Disorders

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent membrane-enclosed structures that are likely to be secreted by all living cell types in the animal organism, including cells of peripheral (PNS) and central nervous systems (CNS). The ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides the possibility not o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Life (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 12; no. 11; p. 1943
Main Authors: Ovchinnikova, Leyla A, Zalevsky, Arthur O, Lomakin, Yakov A
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-11-2022
MDPI
Subjects:
Apolipoproteins
Autoimmune diseases
B cells
biomarker
Biosynthesis
Blood-brain barrier
Care and treatment
Cell organelles
Classification
Communication
Demyelinating diseases
Demyelination
Development and progression
Diagnosis
EAE
EVs
exosomes
extracellular vesicle
Extracellular vesicles
Growth factors
Health aspects
Homeostasis
Lipids
Membrane vesicles
Metabolism
microvesicles
Nanoparticles
Nervous system
Nervous system diseases
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurological diseases
Neurological disorders
Neurons
Neurotransmitters
Pathogenesis
Physiology
Proteins
Review
Therapeutic targets
Vesicles
Russia
EVs
autoimmunity
exosomes
multiple sclerosis
EAE
CNS
miRNA
microvesicles
biomarker
extracellular vesicle
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Description
Summary:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent membrane-enclosed structures that are likely to be secreted by all living cell types in the animal organism, including cells of peripheral (PNS) and central nervous systems (CNS). The ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides the possibility not only for various EV-loaded molecules to be delivered to the brain tissues but also for the CNS-to-periphery transmission of these molecules. Since neural EVs transfer proteins and RNAs are both responsible for functional intercellular communication and involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, they represent attractive diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss EVs' role in maintaining the living organisms' function and describe deviations in EVs' structure and malfunctioning during various neurodegenerative diseases.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:2075-1729
2075-1729
DOI:10.3390/life12111943