Risk factors for triatominae infestation in a municipality of Colombia

• Published in: Therapeutic advances in infectious disease Vol. 8
• Main Authors: Parra-Henao, Gabriel, Garzón-Jiménez, Sandra P., Bernal-Rosas, Yuly, Olivera, Mario J., Salgado, Marlon, Torres-García, Orlando A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London, England SAGE Publications 2021; Sage Publications Ltd; SAGE Publishing
• Subjects: Chagas disease; Geographical distribution; Housing; Infestation; Neglected Tropical Diseases: Recent Progress and Future Challenges; Polymerase chain reaction; Risk factors; Surveillance; Triatominae; Urbanization; Chagas disease; epidemiological risk; Colombia; reduviidae; triatominae
• ISSN: 2049-9361; 2049-937X
• DOI: 10.1177/20499361211030068

Background:
Identifying risk factors for Triatominae infestation is essential for the development of vector control interventions.
Methods:
To determine the intra- and peridomiciliary risk factors associated with triatomine infestation, a cross-sectional analytical study was carried out with random cluster sampling in two stages, which included the identification of risk factors by survey and direct observation, as well as the search and capture of triatomines. The detection of trypanosomes in triatomines was carried out by observing the rectal content and then by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results:
In 21 of the 207 houses inspected, 13 specimens of R. colombiensis and 19 specimens of P. geniculatus were found. Entomological indices included: dispersion 36%, infestation 10%, infection 65%, colonization 4.7%, density 15%, and concentration 152%. An association was found between the presence of Triatominae and the existence of branches and fissures in the floors, as well as with the presence of accumulated objects and with knowledge about Chagas disease. The risk of having triatomines in urban homes is 5.7 times higher than the risk in rural areas [confidence interval (CI) 0.508–67.567]; 6.6 times in houses with cracked soil (CI 0.555–81.994), 6 times in houses located near caneys (CI 0.820–44.781), and 6.16 times with accumulated objects (CI 1.542–39.238).
Conclusion:
Chagas disease is a complex problem that requires control based on the vector’s elimination or surveillance, which implies identifying species and their distribution, generating alerts, knowledge, and awareness in the population. It is necessary to intensify surveillance activities for the event, especially in changing aspects of Chagas diseases’ transmission dynamics, such as urbanization and the type of housing associated with the vector’s presence.