Convergence of spoken and written language processing in the superior temporal sulcus

• Published in: NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.) Vol. 171; pp. 62 - 74
• Main Authors: Wilson, Stephen M., Bautista, Alexa, McCarron, Angelica
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-05-2018; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aphasia; Brain; Brain Mapping - methods; Comprehension - physiology; Convergence; Dorsal bank; Encoding (Cognitive process); Female; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Functional MRI; Humans; Information processing; Language; Language comprehension; Language processing; Linguistics; Listening comprehension; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods; Male; Medical imaging; Middle Aged; Modality (Semantic); Narrative; Phonology; Reading; Semantic processing; Semantics; Speech Perception - physiology; Spoken language; Superior temporal sulcus; Syntactic processing; Temporal Lobe - physiology; Ventral bank; Writing; Written language; Young Adult; Language comprehension; Functional MRI; Ventral bank; Dorsal bank; Narrative
• ISSN: 1053-8119; 1095-9572
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.068

Spoken and written language processing streams converge in the superior temporal sulcus (STS), but the functional and anatomical nature of this convergence is not clear. We used functional MRI to quantify neural responses to spoken and written language, along with unintelligible stimuli in each modality, and employed several strategies to segregate activations on the dorsal and ventral banks of the STS. We found that intelligible and unintelligible inputs in both modalities activated the dorsal bank of the STS. The posterior dorsal bank was able to discriminate between modalities based on distributed patterns of activity, pointing to a role in encoding of phonological and orthographic word forms. The anterior dorsal bank was agnostic to input modality, suggesting that this region represents abstract lexical nodes. In the ventral bank of the STS, responses to unintelligible inputs in both modalities were attenuated, while intelligible inputs continued to drive activation, indicative of higher level semantic and syntactic processing. Our results suggest that the processing of spoken and written language converges on the posterior dorsal bank of the STS, which is the first of a heterogeneous set of language regions within the STS, with distinct functions spanning a broad range of linguistic processes.
•A functional parcellation of the superior temporal sulcus is proposed.•The posterior dorsal bank encodes phonological and orthographic word forms.•This is the site where spoken and written language processing streams first converge.•The anterior dorsal bank represents abstract lexical nodes.•Several ventral bank regions are involved in higher level linguistic processing.